孝明천황과 ‘통상조약칙허’ 문제 (Emperor Komei and the Matter of ‘Royal Imprimatur on Commercial Treaty’)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 역사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사학보 / 208호 / 71 ~ 101페이지
· 저자명 : 이원우

초록

Emperor and Court in modern era were a depoliticized group under control of Bakuhu but they have been described to be vitalized in politics abruptly with the matter of petition for Royal imprimatur on Commercial treaty in 1858.
But the royal Court already strived to strengthen the authority of emperor and Court through revival and restoration of Court ritual and festivity,and started to voice themselves through requesting poor relief and building retro style palace. Also at the time of northern crisis, an external crisis from the conflict with Russia, the Court dispatched a court noble imperial envoy as a temporary envoy to Ise Shrine in March 1801 which was a heightened level not like previously. And in 1813 & in 1814, they revived the temporary festivities of washimizu-hachiman shrine and kamo shrine upon the opportunity of the crisis on diplomatic relationship.
Under this background, the emperor and Court rejected the request for Royal imprimatur on Commercial treaty made by Bakuhu. Especially,Emperor Komei, who strongly opposed the Royal imprimatur on Commercial treaty, made a royal inquiry to non-politic nobles in Court and held firm on re-listening the opinions of Daimyo in Bakuhu in order to justify his own opinion as majority. As the result, a sharp standoff with Bakuhu was formed and conventional system and custom in Court had been destroyed in sequence.
On the other hand, externally, the matter of 'Royal imprimatur on Commercial treaty' brought about a rise in emperor's authority as a ideology and fall of emperor's authority as a human. It also caused a fall in the authority of Kanpaku and Sekke (highest noble class) and at the same time, a rise of ordinary nobles as political advocate. But the Court, which had lost its focal point, lost ability to respond actively to the political situation of the end of Bakuhu, tumbling down to be an object of politics again.
It cannot be denied that emperor Komei's measures and actions influenced the premises for the establishment of modern emperor system, direct rule by emperor and direct ritual conduct by emperor, but it had remained an image of emperor as a challenge to overcome.
Emperor Komei frequently displayed inconsistency in words and action as well as irresponsible attitude. A typical example was the ruining of regular state affair line by leaking the secret state affair to one of his subject who was not a policy maker when Bakuhu made a petition for Royal imprimatur on Commercial treaty in 1858. The emperor image displayed by Komei was a challenge had to be overcome by Okubo and Iwakura.
孝明천황과 ‘통상조약칙허’ 문제 101

영어초록

Emperor and Court in modern era were a depoliticized group under control of Bakuhu but they have been described to be vitalized in politics abruptly with the matter of petition for Royal imprimatur on Commercial treaty in 1858.
But the royal Court already strived to strengthen the authority of emperor and Court through revival and restoration of Court ritual and festivity,and started to voice themselves through requesting poor relief and building retro style palace. Also at the time of northern crisis, an external crisis from the conflict with Russia, the Court dispatched a court noble imperial envoy as a temporary envoy to Ise Shrine in March 1801 which was a heightened level not like previously. And in 1813 & in 1814, they revived the temporary festivities of washimizu-hachiman shrine and kamo shrine upon the opportunity of the crisis on diplomatic relationship.
Under this background, the emperor and Court rejected the request for Royal imprimatur on Commercial treaty made by Bakuhu. Especially,Emperor Komei, who strongly opposed the Royal imprimatur on Commercial treaty, made a royal inquiry to non-politic nobles in Court and held firm on re-listening the opinions of Daimyo in Bakuhu in order to justify his own opinion as majority. As the result, a sharp standoff with Bakuhu was formed and conventional system and custom in Court had been destroyed in sequence.
On the other hand, externally, the matter of 'Royal imprimatur on Commercial treaty' brought about a rise in emperor's authority as a ideology and fall of emperor's authority as a human. It also caused a fall in the authority of Kanpaku and Sekke (highest noble class) and at the same time, a rise of ordinary nobles as political advocate. But the Court, which had lost its focal point, lost ability to respond actively to the political situation of the end of Bakuhu, tumbling down to be an object of politics again.
It cannot be denied that emperor Komei's measures and actions influenced the premises for the establishment of modern emperor system, direct rule by emperor and direct ritual conduct by emperor, but it had remained an image of emperor as a challenge to overcome.
Emperor Komei frequently displayed inconsistency in words and action as well as irresponsible attitude. A typical example was the ruining of regular state affair line by leaking the secret state affair to one of his subject who was not a policy maker when Bakuhu made a petition for Royal imprimatur on Commercial treaty in 1858. The emperor image displayed by Komei was a challenge had to be overcome by Okubo and Iwakura.
孝明천황과 ‘통상조약칙허’ 문제 101

참고자료

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