일제시기 면 단위 유력자의 구성과 지역정치 ―전남 長興郡 蓉山面 사례를 중심으로 (Local influentials and local politics in Myeon/面 units during the Japanese colonial period : examination of the Jeollanam-do Jangheung-gun Yongsan-myeon area)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 성균관대학교 대동문화연구원
· 수록지 정보 : 대동문화연구 / 67호 / 37 ~ 85페이지
· 저자명 : 이용기

초록

이 글에서는 일제시기 지역사회의 근대적 재편 과정에서 면 단위의 내부 질서와 지역유력자가 어떠한 구성과 변화의 양상을 보였는가를 파악하기 위해 전남 장흥군 용산면의 사례연구를 수행했다. 용산면은 전근대시기에 군내에서 양반세력이 강한 지역이었으며, 특정한 유력가문을 중심으로 중층적인 권위의 위계구조가 짜여 있었다. 향교와 면약 같은 전통적 조직의 운영과 그에 대한 지역민들의 대응을 볼 때, 일제시기에도 면내의 전통적 권위질서는 존속되는 경향을 보였다. 이와는 반대로 면 단위에 새롭게 구축된 관료행정체제를 매개로 성장한 관변적 유력자층이나 식민지배에 저항하면서 면내에서 발언권을 행사한 저항적 유력자층은 주로 전통적 권위질서에서 반주변부적인 위치에 있던 인물들이 주축이었다. 일제시기에 면내의 지역정치는 관권을 활용하여 기득권을 지키려는 움직임, 전통적 유력자들의 네트워크를 배경으로 행정당국에 저항․교섭하는 행위, 그리고 지역민들을 조직화하여 식민체제에 저항하는 운동 등 여러 갈래로 나타났는데, 이러한 다양한 정치행위의 이면에서는 여전히 전통적 권위질서가 현실의 힘으로 작동하고 있었다.

영어초록

In this article, the Jeollanam-do Jangheung-gun Yongsan-myeon area is examined, in order to determine how the internal order of local Myeon units, and the local influentials' communities as well, were composed and then changed in the wake of modern realignments happening here and there inside local societies, during the Japanese occupation period. Yongsan-myeon was one of the regions that showed the most powerful presence of Yangban communities inside the Gun society during the pre-modern era, and it had a multi-layered hierarchy structure formed around powerful houses, existing inside the area.
Considering the fact that the operations of traditional concepts such as Hyanggyo schools and Myeon'yak rules continued into the modern era, and taking into account the local population's view and response to such continuing concepts, we can see that the traditional authority and order were still being maintained even during the Japanese occupation period. Yet, at the same time, there were powerful beings with close ties to the administrative authorities, who rose to power with help from the local administrative system that was newly developed in the Myeon units, and also other kinds of local influentials who resisted the colonial ruling and started to raise their own voices. They were mostly people who were outside the traditional hierarchy structure, or who were rather positioned on the borderline, between the traditional realm and the outside. During the Japanese occupation period the local politics in Myeon units showed many facets, like people trying to protect their existing interest using administrative forces, people resisting or negotiating with the administrative authorities based upon the traditional network of past influentials, and people resisting the colonial system through movements of organized residents living in the area. We can also see that behind these various types of political actions, the traditional order and authority were still operating as a real-life force as well.

참고자료

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