嘉靖연간, 胡宗憲 탄핵과 그 의미-柯梅倭 ‘縱賊’ 행위를 둘러싸고- (The impeachment of Hu Zongxian-On the accusation of releasing Kemei pirates in the 1580’s-)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 연세사학연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 학림 / 51권 / 37 ~ 72페이지
· 저자명 : 남민구

초록

明 嘉靖 연간, 總督 胡宗憲은 일본 五島에서 활동한 중국인 王直을 초무하고, 일본과의 관계 개선을 통해 왜구 문제를 해결하고자 하였다. 그러나 이것이 오히려 胡宗憲을 정치적으로 궁지에 몰리게 하였고, 胡宗憲은 王直을 체포함으로써 자신의 위기를 벗어나고자 하였다. 王直의 체포로 인해 해적으로 몰린 사절단은 저항하였다. 이른바 ‘柯梅倭’는 浙江을 탈출하여 福建 일대에서 노략하였고, 여론은 이들이 도주하도록 방치한 胡宗憲을 비난하였다. 柯梅倭의 발생을 둘러싸고, 南京의 言官 劉堯誨는 江南 禦倭 지휘관들 사이에 만연한 ‘縱賊’ 문제를 지적하며, 胡宗憲은 물론 부하 지휘관 兪大猷에게도 책임을 물었다. 그러나 격렬한 정쟁 속에 ‘縱賊’에 관한 논의는 이뤄지지 못한 채, 그 책임 소재를 둘러싼 대립은 더욱 치열해져 갔다.

영어초록

In the middle of 16th century, Hu Zongxian(胡宗憲, ?~1565), the general of Maritime defense, whose jurisdiction included the coasts of Zhejiang(浙江), Southern Zhili(南直隸), and Fujian(福建), successfully persuaded Wang Zhi(王直, ?~1560) to surrender to the Ming court. Wang was a notorious pirate who had his base at Goto Islands(五島) off the shore of Kyushu(九州), Japan. At the same time, Hu dispatched to Japan a delegation led by Jiang Zhou(蔣洲, ?~?), for the sake of setting his new strategy to fully eliminate Japanese pirates(倭寇) from the coasts. These led to Hu’s risk, as he was accused of illegal communication with Japanese pirates, which was then regarded as an violation of the national security law. As the occasion demands, To escape from the risk, Hu excused that he had indeed captured Wang to send to Beijing(北京), hereby expressing his will to eliminate Japanese pirates from the southeastern coast of China. Wang was unfairly sent to Beijing with his body tied up.
A Japanese delegation, guided by Wang and Jiang to Zhejiang, began to fight against Ming Army, which had a mission to eliminate the delegation, as it was regarded as a fleet of Japanese pirates after capturing Wang. The delegation was stigmatized as Kemei pirates(柯梅倭) by Ming court, and the successfully broke through the attack of Ming force, and they finally took the base on an island located in the middle of Fujian sea, plundered some villages at the coast of Fujian and Guangdong. Natives began to blame Hu to illegally release these pirates, but Liu Yaohui(劉堯誨, 1522~1585), a censor at Nanjing secondary court, blamed not only Hu but also Yu Dayou(兪大猷, 1504~1580), and Yu was the commander of the army at Zhejiang, while some of the court officials condemned Hu as illegally releasing pirates. This disparity suggests that a group of officials deliberately accused Hu of spying for the sake of targeting Yan Song(嚴嵩, 1480~1568), a grand secretariat(大學士), who was the political patron for Hu.

참고자료

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