러시아 혁명기 쿠반 카자크 분리주의(Samostiinost’)의 기원을 찾아서- 19세기 말 20세기 초 남부 러시아 쿠반 지역의 이노고로드니예 문제 - (The Inogorodnie Question in the Pre-revolutionary Kuban’: the “Soslovie-bound” Origin of Cossack Separatism in the Late 19th and Early 20th Century Kuban’ Region)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국슬라브․유라시아학회
· 수록지 정보 : 슬라브학보 / 29권 / 2호 / 47 ~ 80페이지
· 저자명 : 구자정

초록

In a heuristic search for the pre-revolutionary origin of Cossack separatism in the Kuban’ region during the Russian civil war period, this study explores Kuban’ Cossack voisko on the eve of the Russian revolution, with particular attention to the growing disparity between “soslovie-bound” voisko and “soslovie-blind” oblast’ that steered the Cossacks into a dead end with the aggravating inogorodnie question. On the one hand, the overall relationship between Cossacks and inogorodnie was a class based one between the “haves” and “have-nots.” The “have-nots” were a large number of rural proletarians, the majority of whom, deprived of the means of production, the land, were subject to various legal and economic discriminations. However, on the other hand, the “haves” were not landlords in the conventional sense, because the Cossacks did not own lands individually. As a result, what appeared in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Kuban’, was a very peculiar situation that did not exist in the non-Cossack provinces of the Russian empire: an overlapping juxtaposition of class and estate, a modernity-bound relation based on a premodernity-bound demarcation bordering on the identity of soslovie. When the “have-nots” demanded the distribution of the “haves’ land” in the name of soslovie-blind justice at the time of the Russian revolution, the “haves” were forced to find a new “soslovie-blind” raison d’être to legitimize their age-old soslovie-bound privileges such as land monopoly. The Cossacks’ reaction to this crisis was to refute the demand of inogorodnie by becoming something other than soslovie: an “ethnos.” This problematic move paved the way for Cossack separatism in the years to come.

영어초록

In a heuristic search for the pre-revolutionary origin of Cossack separatism in the Kuban’ region during the Russian civil war period, this study explores Kuban’ Cossack voisko on the eve of the Russian revolution, with particular attention to the growing disparity between “soslovie-bound” voisko and “soslovie-blind” oblast’ that steered the Cossacks into a dead end with the aggravating inogorodnie question. On the one hand, the overall relationship between Cossacks and inogorodnie was a class based one between the “haves” and “have-nots.” The “have-nots” were a large number of rural proletarians, the majority of whom, deprived of the means of production, the land, were subject to various legal and economic discriminations. However, on the other hand, the “haves” were not landlords in the conventional sense, because the Cossacks did not own lands individually. As a result, what appeared in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Kuban’, was a very peculiar situation that did not exist in the non-Cossack provinces of the Russian empire: an overlapping juxtaposition of class and estate, a modernity-bound relation based on a premodernity-bound demarcation bordering on the identity of soslovie. When the “have-nots” demanded the distribution of the “haves’ land” in the name of soslovie-blind justice at the time of the Russian revolution, the “haves” were forced to find a new “soslovie-blind” raison d’être to legitimize their age-old soslovie-bound privileges such as land monopoly. The Cossacks’ reaction to this crisis was to refute the demand of inogorodnie by becoming something other than soslovie: an “ethnos.” This problematic move paved the way for Cossack separatism in the years to come.

참고자료

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