16세기 말~17세기 초 朝鮮과 建州女眞의 배후 교섭과 申忠一의 역할 (The Behind-the-Scenes Negotiations between Joseon and Jianzhou Jurchen and Role of Shin Chung-ll : 1595~1619)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : (사)한국인물사연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국인물사연구 / 25호 / 133 ~ 183페이지
· 저자명 : 장정수

초록

The negotiations between Joseon government and the Jianzhou Jurchen(建州女眞) began at the end of the 16th century. A letter from Nurhaci(奴兒哈赤) in 1595 during Imjin War prompted the negotiation between the two. At that time period Nurhachi unified the Jurchen tribes and expanded influence over the basin of The Yalu River, which led to Jurcheon’s bordering on Joseon. Since 16th century, more often than not, people of Jurcheon tribes intruded border of Joseon in order to get ginseng. Regarding these act of violating the border, Joseon government took somewhat tough measures to cope with the situation. After taking control over the Jurchen tribes along the Yalu River, Nurhaci attempted to negotiate with Joseon to solve the conflict between the tribes and Joseon people.
Joseon government, minding the Ming China, tried to refuse the negotiation as the latter did not allowed the negotiation with the Jurchen through prohibitive law(禁法). Yet Joseon government had no choice but to take positive attitude toward Nurhaci, since he sent back captives(被擄人) to Joseon along with the letter. Arter all Joseon government decided to send a reply to him by dispatching an envoy. This plan, however, had been delayed due to an armed clash resulting from the transgression of border by Jurchen people. On the one hand, Joseon asked Ming China to arbitrate between the opposing sides. And on the other hand, set out to the dispatch of an envoy to Nurhaci. At this juncture, it was Shin Chungil who delivered the letter from Joseon to him. Shin visited the Jianzhou Jurchen, presented the letter, brought the reply back to Joseon, and then submitted a report based on the confidential information which he observed and acquired during the visit. This report, entitled as Jianzhou Gijung Dogi(建州紀程圖記), contained a map and detailed description over situation of the Jianzhou Jurchen.
The act of exchanging correspondences with Jianzhou Jurchen was a kind of negotiation behind-the-scene. Being aware of the strength of Jianzhou Jurchen, Joseon government accepted, to some extent, the stance of Jianzhou Jurchen and negotiated with them. This negotiations behind-the-scene continued until the reign of Prince Gwanghae, and the extent and character of negotiation came to change after the Battle of Sarhū(1619), the First Manchu invasion of Korea(1627) and the Second Manchu invasion of Korea(1636–1637). This suggests, unlike what has been explained about the relation between the Joseon and the Jianzhou Jurchen in the conventional view which mainly focuses on the Ming China centered international order or Qing's conquest of the Ming, that Joseon established separate diplomatic channels with Jianzhou Jurchen.
After submitting the report on Jianzhou Jurchen, Shin Chungil enjoy the special confidence of King Seonjo and the Prince Gwanghae. When tension built up between Joseon and Later Jin(後金), the successor of Jianzhou Jurchen, Shin again played a pivotal role in the negotiations between the two. The achievements of him during this time period illustrates the various ideas and plans which Joseon government contrive to cope with the Jianzhou Jurchen after she perceived the increasingly strengthening power of Jurchen. His life and report he left shows aspects of Joseon’s position, which she could not but take, in the rapidly changing state of international affairs from the late 16th centrury to the early 17th century.

영어초록

The negotiations between Joseon government and the Jianzhou Jurchen(建州女眞) began at the end of the 16th century. A letter from Nurhaci(奴兒哈赤) in 1595 during Imjin War prompted the negotiation between the two. At that time period Nurhachi unified the Jurchen tribes and expanded influence over the basin of The Yalu River, which led to Jurcheon’s bordering on Joseon. Since 16th century, more often than not, people of Jurcheon tribes intruded border of Joseon in order to get ginseng. Regarding these act of violating the border, Joseon government took somewhat tough measures to cope with the situation. After taking control over the Jurchen tribes along the Yalu River, Nurhaci attempted to negotiate with Joseon to solve the conflict between the tribes and Joseon people.
Joseon government, minding the Ming China, tried to refuse the negotiation as the latter did not allowed the negotiation with the Jurchen through prohibitive law(禁法). Yet Joseon government had no choice but to take positive attitude toward Nurhaci, since he sent back captives(被擄人) to Joseon along with the letter. Arter all Joseon government decided to send a reply to him by dispatching an envoy. This plan, however, had been delayed due to an armed clash resulting from the transgression of border by Jurchen people. On the one hand, Joseon asked Ming China to arbitrate between the opposing sides. And on the other hand, set out to the dispatch of an envoy to Nurhaci. At this juncture, it was Shin Chungil who delivered the letter from Joseon to him. Shin visited the Jianzhou Jurchen, presented the letter, brought the reply back to Joseon, and then submitted a report based on the confidential information which he observed and acquired during the visit. This report, entitled as Jianzhou Gijung Dogi(建州紀程圖記), contained a map and detailed description over situation of the Jianzhou Jurchen.
The act of exchanging correspondences with Jianzhou Jurchen was a kind of negotiation behind-the-scene. Being aware of the strength of Jianzhou Jurchen, Joseon government accepted, to some extent, the stance of Jianzhou Jurchen and negotiated with them. This negotiations behind-the-scene continued until the reign of Prince Gwanghae, and the extent and character of negotiation came to change after the Battle of Sarhū(1619), the First Manchu invasion of Korea(1627) and the Second Manchu invasion of Korea(1636–1637). This suggests, unlike what has been explained about the relation between the Joseon and the Jianzhou Jurchen in the conventional view which mainly focuses on the Ming China centered international order or Qing's conquest of the Ming, that Joseon established separate diplomatic channels with Jianzhou Jurchen.
After submitting the report on Jianzhou Jurchen, Shin Chungil enjoy the special confidence of King Seonjo and the Prince Gwanghae. When tension built up between Joseon and Later Jin(後金), the successor of Jianzhou Jurchen, Shin again played a pivotal role in the negotiations between the two. The achievements of him during this time period illustrates the various ideas and plans which Joseon government contrive to cope with the Jianzhou Jurchen after she perceived the increasingly strengthening power of Jurchen. His life and report he left shows aspects of Joseon’s position, which she could not but take, in the rapidly changing state of international affairs from the late 16th centrury to the early 17th century.

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