19세기 말~20세기 초 西洋人이 본 韓國語와 漢字 (Westerner’s Recognition of Korean and Chinese Characters in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국어문교육연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 어문연구(語文硏究) / 48권 / 4호 / 125 ~ 159페이지
· 저자명 : 이상현

초록

이상현, 2020, 19세기 말~20세기 초 서양인이 본 한국어와 한자, 어문연구, 188 : 125~159 본고는 한국의 門戶開放 이후 한국어와 한국 문헌자료를 직접 접촉할 수 있었던 서양인의 한자[한문]에 관한 논의들을 살폈다. 19세기 말 유럽 동양학자 쿠랑은 한국어와 한국문학 속 한자 및 한문 표현의 비중이 매우 큰 사실과 함께, 한문의 해당 한자음을 그대로 읽으며 본래 통사구조 그 자체로 독해하는 한국인의 音讀 방식을 주목했다. 그는 한국의 國漢文體를 볼 수 없었고 한국인의 한자, 한문에 대한 수용방식을 일본에 비해 매우 비주체적인 실천으로 인식했다. 헐버트를 비롯한 한국 개신교선교사 역시 한국의 한자, 한문에 관해서는 비판적인 시각을 견지했다. 그렇지만 그들은 특히 한국의 漢字語에 대하여, 과거 서양인들과 다른 태도와 모습을 보여주었다. 그들은 한국인에게 한국어로 복음을 전해주어야 했다. 또한 20세기 초 한국어와 한글은 한국의 國民語로 새롭게 발전하고 있었다. 따라서 개신교 선교사들은 한자를 적극적으로 활용했다. 즉, 한국의 한자를 한국어 正書法의 길잡이로 활용했으며, 國漢文體를 그들의 문서선교를 위해 채택했다.

영어초록

This article examined westerner’s recognition of Korean and Chinese Characters in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries. In particular, after Korea opened up its culture and literature, focus was placed on discussions regarding the Chinese characters [Chinese] of European Oriental scholars and Korean Protestant missionaries who were able to directly come into contact with Korean literature material. At the end of the 19th century, the European Orientalist Maurice Courant noted that a large proportion of the Korean language and Korean literature was occupied by Chinese characters and Chinese expressions. In addition, he made note of the reading methods of Koreans through which they vocally read relevant Chinese characters as they are and read them in their original syntactic structures. This was compared to the Japanese method of rendering Chinese characters through which Chinese characters are rearranged into the syntactic structure of their own language and in which individual Chinese characters are interpreted through their native tongue. Therefore, the Korean acceptance method of Chinese characters and Chinese was perceived to be an extremely non-mainstream practice compared to that of Japan. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Korean Protestant missionaries, including Homer Bezaleel Hulbert, also displayed critical views on the Chinese characters and Chinese of Korea. However, they showed an attitude and appearance that differed from those of other Westerners of the past regarding the Chinese characters and Chinese of Korea. This is because, to them, the Korean language did not exist only in terms of academic discourse. They had to minister the gospel to Koreans in the Korean language. Also, the Korean language and Hangeul in the 20th century were newly developing as the national language of Korea. At this, Protestant missionaries utilized the Chinese characters of Korea as guides to orthography and selected a Korean -Chinese style of writing as their literary mission method.

참고자료

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