14세기 말-15세기 초 프랑스 왕국의 ‘재정 혁명’과 재정 문제 (The 'Financial Revolution' and the Fiscal Problem in the French Kingdom in the Late Fourteenth and the Early Fifteenth Century)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 전북사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 전북사학 / 36호 / 251 ~ 282페이지
· 저자명 : 성백용

초록

During the reign of Charles V and Charles VI, the French royal revenue witnessed considerable changes, characterized by its remarkable and consistent increase, which might be called 'the financial revolution'. These changes were materialized by the permanent tax system and the royal monopoly of taxation. The royal regime also managed to appease the resistance of ruling classes to this practice by exempting them from paying the taxes and allowing great seigneurs and municipalities to take a portion of tax revenue from their jurisdictions. In the reign of Charles VI, however, when the royal control withered away and the influence of royal princes, so-called 'sires des fleurs de lys' grew, the increased royal revenue became a stake that instigated the ambition and struggle among the princes. The issues of this struggle consisted in: who would take the greater part of the government purse, and conversely, in order to be victors it was necessary for them to take more than their rivals. Consequently, the large reservoir filled with tax income was being transformed into private sources by which several factions of princes were able to maintain and increase their protégés who were eager to seek protection from the powerful. When the royal taxation was about to be a main channel to absorb resources of the subjects, in the root of the crises the French kingdom faced was the privatization of state finance and the consequent réféodalisation.

영어초록

During the reign of Charles V and Charles VI, the French royal revenue witnessed considerable changes, characterized by its remarkable and consistent increase, which might be called 'the financial revolution'. These changes were materialized by the permanent tax system and the royal monopoly of taxation. The royal regime also managed to appease the resistance of ruling classes to this practice by exempting them from paying the taxes and allowing great seigneurs and municipalities to take a portion of tax revenue from their jurisdictions. In the reign of Charles VI, however, when the royal control withered away and the influence of royal princes, so-called 'sires des fleurs de lys' grew, the increased royal revenue became a stake that instigated the ambition and struggle among the princes. The issues of this struggle consisted in: who would take the greater part of the government purse, and conversely, in order to be victors it was necessary for them to take more than their rivals. Consequently, the large reservoir filled with tax income was being transformed into private sources by which several factions of princes were able to maintain and increase their protégés who were eager to seek protection from the powerful. When the royal taxation was about to be a main channel to absorb resources of the subjects, in the root of the crises the French kingdom faced was the privatization of state finance and the consequent réféodalisation.

참고자료

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