고려말 성곽 축조와 향촌사회의 동향 (A Social Movement of the Rural Communities over Building Castles at the End of the Goryeo Dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 부산경남사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와경계 / 75호 / 233 ~ 273페이지
· 저자명 : 구산우

초록

In the late Goryeo, from the age of King Gongmin to Gongyang, there were 48 times in a building castle at the 41 places all over the country. There were mud castles more than stone at this time, but the trend was an increase in the building method with stone than mud in light of the early of the Joseon Dynasty.
In a geographic distribution of building castle, Gyeongsang and Jeolla province had a lot constructions. Two provinces had constructions more than two thirds of 48 times. And, most of the castles were built in the coast district. Gyeongsang had especially many constructions because it was badly damaged by pundering of the Japanese pirates.
The defense measures against the Japanese pirates carried out by King Gongmin was ‘Cheongya(淸野)' policy. This policy laid itself open to attack in the age of King Gongmin. Many people pointed out the flaws of the policy, and made an alternative plan. From the age of King Gongmin, the Japanese pirates plundered mainly coastal provinces, but to the age of King Woo they invaded into inland areas. Thus, the Cheongya policy was come into disuse and the defense system with castles introduced. Moreover, there was a changeover in the defense policy; mountain castle-oriented policy was replaced to plain castle-oriented.
The main purpose of the building castles policy is to rebuild ‘Chiso-castle(治所城)' including other castles and to reorganize the local administration which were collapsed by the Japanese invasion, and then defend against their attack. After a complete construction of the Chiso-castle, the rural commuinties achieved many effects such as increase in population and arable land.
It was mainly the local governors who played a leading role in building castles. Besides, the provincial governors, envoys who were dispatched by the central government, and commanders played the part of the leader, too. The villagers have been mobilized to build castles, and the neighboring villagers and soldiers mobilized from time to time. The construction period was mostly about three month, and did not exceed no more than six months.

영어초록

In the late Goryeo, from the age of King Gongmin to Gongyang, there were 48 times in a building castle at the 41 places all over the country. There were mud castles more than stone at this time, but the trend was an increase in the building method with stone than mud in light of the early of the Joseon Dynasty.
In a geographic distribution of building castle, Gyeongsang and Jeolla province had a lot constructions. Two provinces had constructions more than two thirds of 48 times. And, most of the castles were built in the coast district. Gyeongsang had especially many constructions because it was badly damaged by pundering of the Japanese pirates.
The defense measures against the Japanese pirates carried out by King Gongmin was ‘Cheongya(淸野)' policy. This policy laid itself open to attack in the age of King Gongmin. Many people pointed out the flaws of the policy, and made an alternative plan. From the age of King Gongmin, the Japanese pirates plundered mainly coastal provinces, but to the age of King Woo they invaded into inland areas. Thus, the Cheongya policy was come into disuse and the defense system with castles introduced. Moreover, there was a changeover in the defense policy; mountain castle-oriented policy was replaced to plain castle-oriented.
The main purpose of the building castles policy is to rebuild ‘Chiso-castle(治所城)' including other castles and to reorganize the local administration which were collapsed by the Japanese invasion, and then defend against their attack. After a complete construction of the Chiso-castle, the rural commuinties achieved many effects such as increase in population and arable land.
It was mainly the local governors who played a leading role in building castles. Besides, the provincial governors, envoys who were dispatched by the central government, and commanders played the part of the leader, too. The villagers have been mobilized to build castles, and the neighboring villagers and soldiers mobilized from time to time. The construction period was mostly about three month, and did not exceed no more than six months.

참고자료

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