泰安 馬島 4號船 出水 遺物을 통해 본 朝鮮 初 漕卒의 船上 生活 (Shipboard Life of Jojols in the Early Joseon Period envisioned based on the relics of Taean Mado Shipwreck No.4)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 국립목포대학교 도서문화연구원
· 수록지 정보 : 『도서문화』 / 48호 / 37 ~ 66페이지
· 저자명 : 문경호

초록

태안 마도 4호선은 15세기 초 태종 시기에 나주 지역의 조세를 싣고 한양으로 향하다가안흥량이라 불리던 태안 앞바다에서 침몰한 조운선이다. 태안 마도 4호선은 지금까지 출수된선박 중 최초의 조선시대 선박이라는 점, 그리고 명확한 조운선이라는 점에서 중요한 의미를갖는다.
이 글에서는 15세기 초에 태안 마도 해역에서 침몰한 마도 4호선이 운항하던 시기의 조운상황과 배와 함께 출수된 선상 용품들을 중심으로 당시의 漕卒들이 어떤 생활을 했는지 추정하였다. 그 중 중요한 몇 가지를 정리하여 제시하면 다음과 같다. 먼저 마도 4호선의 출발지는처음에 알려진 것처럼 나주 영산창이 아니라 진포 또는 덕성창 일대였을 것으로 보인다. 둘째,선체와 함께 출수된 수저, 젓가락, 패랭이와 짚신, 참빗과 얼레빗은 조졸들이 사용하던 물품이었던 것으로 보인다. 셋째, 투석칸을 제외한 나머지 공간에 모두 원통목들이 자리 잡고 있어선체 안에는 조졸들이 쉬거나 숙박할 공간이 없었다. 따라서 조졸들은 항해 기간 내내 배 위의뜸집에서 숙식을 해결했을 것으로 보인다. 넷째, 투석칸에서는 철제 솥, 숟가락, 젓가락 등의주방용품이 출수되었는데, 이 중 철제 솥은 약 10인 분 정도의 밥을 지을 수 있는 크기였다.
이를 통해 볼 때 이 배에 승선한 조졸은 약 10명 내외였을 것이라고 생각된다.

영어초록

This article describes scenes of the shipboard lives of ‘Jojol(漕卒, grain carriersailor)’ based on relics retrieved from the Taean Mado Shipwreck No.4 in 2015.
This shipwreck is a grain carrier that sunk around Mado island near Taean whileit was sailing from the estuary of Geum River to the Gwangheungchang(warehouse) in Hanyang City carrying grain shipped in Naju District. The TaeanMado Shipwreck No.4 has importance in that it is the first ship from the JoseonPeriod to be discovered and also the first confirmed grain carrier in history.
Many relics, such as a bamboo braid hat presumed to have been worn bythe sailors, an iron pot, spade and chopsticks, kitchen ware and a ceramic jarcontaining salted fish, were found in the shipwreck. These relics form importantdata as they make it possible to envision the lives of grain carrier sailors duringnavigation.
First, the bamboo braid hat, which seems to have been worn on the headof a sailor, is identical to hats that were used frequently by sailors from theGoryeo Dynasty till the latter half of the Joseon Period. Hats like the bamboobraid hat must have been essential to avoid the sunlight and create some shadeout at sea.
The iron pot retrieved from the kitchen section in the middle of the hull was about 7.92 liters, which was a proper size for cooking rice for about 10 people,given that many records have shown us that an adult man in the Joseon Periodate about 1.2 liters of rice each meal. It seems that the sailors who boardedthe grain carrier ate 0.9 liter of rice each meal and 1.8 liters per day. Whilemany chopsticks were present, no spoons were found except the spoon usedas a rice paddle. Without a problem, this can be interpreted as revealing thesocial and economic level of the grain carrier sailors at that time.
It is not clear whether the yellow corvine inside the ceramic jar and the fishlike sea-bream were side dishes for the sailors or gifts meant for people inHanyang City. But it is believed that at least one of them was a side dish forthe sailors, given that Goryeo people consumed salted fish frequently asdescribed in Goryeodogyeong(『高麗圖經』) written by Suh-Geung.
Space suitable for sleeping was not found in the hull of the Taean MadoShipwreck No.4. The vessel was shaped for shipping taxation grain in allcompartments excluding the kitchen section in the middle. Therefore, it seemsthat the sailors sheltered from rain and wind under the installed makeshiftpavilion. The job of grain carrier sailor was not popular because the work washard and dangerous. The route taken to Hanyang City must had been verywinding as they struggled against the unexpected sea.

참고자료

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