광주시립국악원의 설립 배경 및 운영 양상 (Background of Establishment of Gwangju Civic Gugak Center and Trend of Its Operation)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 남도민속학회
· 수록지 정보 : 남도민속연구 / 47호 / 161 ~ 196페이지
· 저자명 : 금용웅

초록

본고는 광주(光州)지역 초유의 시립예술단체이자 국악교육기관이었던 광주시립국악원의 설립 배경, 운영상 특징, 교육 양상을 살펴본 연구이다.
광주시립국악원은 정부의 <제1차 문예중흥 5개년 계획>의 목표 및 내용에 합치한 개원 목적 제시와, 시행 시기에 맞춘 조례 제정 및 운영 개시로 정부의 문화정책에 적극 부응하며 개원하였다. 광주권번 폐지 이후 활성화 된 사설국악학원과 문화예술행사는 국악의 효율적 전승과 지속적 보급을 위한 광주시의 제도적 뒷받침을 촉진하였고, 이는 곧 광주시가 광주시립국악원을 출범시키는 배경으로 작용하였다.
광주시립국악원 내 부설 민속예술학원은 운영을 지속한 반면, 예정되었던 국악관현악단은 광주시의 방관으로 장기간 설치되지 않음에 따라, 광주시립국악원은 연주와 교육을 병행하려던 운영계획을 접고 국악교육기관으로만 운영되었다. 또한 광주시립국악원 운영주체인 광주시의 관심 결여 및 편파적 운영과, 광주시립국악원 강사의 자질 부족 및 근무 태만 등으로 인해, 강사의 처우 개선 문제가 지속적으로 대두되며 광주시립국악원 폐원에 영향을 미쳤다.
광주시립국악원의 교육 공간은 광주시민회관 부속건물 4층에 마련되어 있었다. 열악한 시설, 공간의 협소, 방음문제의 야기로 효율적인 교육이 어려운 환경이었는데, 이는 광주시립국악원에 허용된 공간이 광주시민회관에 한정된 것에서 기인하였다. 교육 방식은 강사와 강습생간 1:1 및 1:다수의 병행 교육, 자유롭고 폭넓은 강습 일시 제공, 다양한 과목의 학습 기회 마련, 강습생의 연주회 참여 및 경연대회 출전 등 국악의 전승과 보급에 부응하려는 다양한 방식의 교육을 지향하였다.
본고를 계기로 예로부터 국악의 본 고장으로 손꼽혀온 광주지역 국악계의 역사를 파악하고 규명하려는 여러 논의가 활발하게 진행되길 기대해본다.

영어초록

The purpose of this article is to take a look at the background of establishment, its characteristics of operation as well as the trend of education for Gwangju Civic Gugak (Korean national music) Center as the first civic art organization and national music education institution in the Gwangju area.
Gwangju Civic Gugak Center was established by presenting the purpose of its founding that is consistent to the goals and contents of the government’s culture policy in <First 5-Year Plan for Literature and Art Promotion> as well as positively responding to the <First 5-Year Plan for Literature and Art Promotion> that was implemented by the government by establishing its ordinances and commencement of its operation as confirming to the implementation period. Since the time of disintegration of the Gwangju Gwonbeon (a cooperative of Gisaengs in Gwangju area in early 20th century), the continuously operated private Korean traditional music academies and steadily held culture and art events have promoted the efficient succession of the Korean traditional music and systematic support of Gwangju City for continuous dispersion, and this has been the backbone to for Gwangju City to launch Gwangju Civic Gugak Center.
With the establishment of the folk art academies within Gwangju Civic Gugak Center to continue its operation, Korean traditional music orchestra was not established that Gwangju Civic Gugak Center was operated as a Korean traditional music education institution, unlike its operation plan to simultaneously carrying out the performance and education together. In addition, the issues involving the lack of interests and biased operation by the main body of Gwangju Civic Gugak Center operation, Gwangju City, along with the delinquent work attitude and lack of coherency of the lecturers at Gwangju Civic Gugak Center have resulted in having the issues of unfair treatment of lecturers that resulted as the source of eventual closure for Gwangju Civic Gugak Center.
The education space of Gwangju Civic Gugak Center could not sustain its role as the space for efficient education for a prolonged period due to poor facilities, narrow space, sound proof issue and so forth and this is attributable to the limitation applicable to the fact that the space permitted to Gwangju Civic Gugak Center was limited to Gwangju Civic Hall only. The education method aimed at various types of education to meet the succession and dispersion of Korean traditional music, such as, simultaneous education for lecturer and lecture hours for one-and-one and one-and-multiple number, providing liberal and broad time and hour of lectures, offering various course learning opportunities, participation of concerts by students and appearance in competitions and so forth.
It is expected to take this article as a turning point to engage in active discussions to find out and clarify the history of the national music sector in the Gwangju area where it has long been recognized as the home of the national music from the old days.

참고자료

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