19~20세기 江右文人의 鄭蘊 인식 -某里 漢詩를 중심으로- (Recognition of Jeong On (鄭蘊) by Literary Persons in Gangwoo in the 19th and 20th Centuries -Focused on Chinese poetry in Mo-ri (某里)-)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 경상국립대학교 경남문화연구원
· 수록지 정보 : 南冥學硏究 / 74호 / 125 ~ 158페이지
· 저자명 : 강정화

초록

본고는 경상국립대학교 경남문화연구원 남명학연구소가 추진하는 강우지역 전통선비마을 연구의 일환으로 ‘거창 강동마을’ 기획에 의해 집필되었다. 강동마을은 桐溪 鄭蘊(1569-1641)으로 대표되는 草溪 鄭氏家의 세거지이다.
정온은 조선 역사에서 매우 혼란스러운 시대를 살았고, 그의 생애 또한 평범하지 않은 굴곡진 삶이었다. 역사 속 그의 위상도 가볍지 않았다. 그는 南冥 曺植(1501-1572)의 高弟인 來庵 鄭仁弘(1535-1623)의 문인으로, 인조반정 이후 강우지역의 학술을 대표하던 인물이다. 반정이 있기까지 10년 간 제주에 유배되었고, 병자호란 때는 그 치욕을 감당치 못해 자결을 시도하였으나 성공하지 못했으며, 이후 낙향하여 某里에 은거하였다.
사후 강우지역의 후학들이 정온의 節義를 숭상하여 그곳에 某里齋를 짓고 그 뜻을 표상하였다. 그러나 그의 玄孫인 鄭希亮이 가담한 戊申亂(1728)으로 인해 정온도 모리도 모두 역사에서 잊혔다. 이후 2백여 년도 더 지난 19세기 중반에 이르러 갑자기 수많은 지식인이 모리를 찾아와 정온의 절의를 추숭하고, 또 많은 遊記와 한시를 남겼다.
19-20세기 강우문인들은 오랜 시간 중앙정계에서 소외되어 재야 지식인으로 존재하였다. 그들 앞에 구한말과 일제강점기라는 국난기가 전개되었고, 그들은 혼란 속에서도 지식인으로서의 책무와 역할을 해야만 했다. 그동안 고수해온 전통유학의 이념과 급변하는 시대 상황에의 괴리는 그들의 처세와 태도에 무력감을 안겨 주었고, 그 결과 國恥로 귀결되는 현실에 울분과 분노를 표출할 수밖에 없었다. 그때 강우지역의 선현인 정온은 강우문인에게 삶의 지표를 제시하는 표상이 되었고, 수많은 강우문인이 모리를 찾지 않을 수 없었다.
갑작스레 많은 사람이 찾아와 多作이 산출되는 특이한 경우였고, 의외로 이 시기 모리 한시에 투영된 정온 인식은 거의 일관되게 나타났다. 형식상으로는 정온의 모리 시에 차운하여 읊은 것이 많고, 내용상으로는 정온 당대의 삶을 회고하거나, 자기 시대에 필요한 절의 정신을 그에게서 찾는 것으로 표출되었다. 이를 통해 19-20세기 강우문인이 인식한 정온에 관한 인식뿐만 아니라, ‘모리’가 지닌 장소의 정체성도 확인할 수 있었다.

영어초록

This article was written under the ‘Geochang Gangdong Village’ project as a part of the research on the traditional scholar village in the Gangwoo region promoted by the Nammyonghak Study Institute, the Cultural Institute of Gyeongnam, Gyeongsang National University. Gangdong Village is the residence of the Chogye Jeong clan, represented by Donggye Jeong On (鄭蘊).
Jeong On lived a very chaotic period in the history of Joseon, and his life was also an unusual tough one. His status in history was not light. He was a literary person of Naeam Jeong In-hong (鄭仁弘), the best disciple of Nammyun(南冥) Cho Sik (曺植), and was a representative of the academics of the Gangwoo region after the Injo coup. He was exiled to Jeju for 10 years due to the Injo coup, and he tried to commit suicide at the time of the Second Manchu invasion of Korea because he could not bear the humiliation, but was unsuccessful. Thereafter, he retired to the country and lived a secluded life in Mo-ri. After his death, younger scholars in the Gangwoo region revered his integrity spirit and built the Mo-ri hall in the place of his secluded life to represent his will. However, due to the Mushin Rebellion (1728), which was joined by his great-great grandson Jeong Hui-ryang (鄭希亮), both Jeong On and Mo-ri were forgotten from history. In the middle of the 19th century when more than 200 years passed, a large number of intellectuals suddenly came to Mo-ri to adore Jeong-on's fidelity, and leave behind many travelogues and Chinese poems.
In the 19th and 20th centuries, literary persons in the Gangwoo region were alienated from central politics for a long time and existed as intellectuals out of power. In front of them, a period of national turmoil such as the Late Period of Chosun and the Japanese colonial period unfolded, and they had to fulfill their responsibilities and roles as intellectuals in the midst of chaos. The gap between the ideology of traditional Confucianism and the rapidly changing circumstances of the times gave a sense of helplessness to their use of life and attitudes, and as a result, they could not but express their resentment and anger at the reality that resulted in the national humiliation. At that time, Jeong On, a sage of old in the Gangwoo region, emerged as a symbol to present the way of life to the literary persons in the Gangwoo region, and during this time, numerous literary persons in the Gangwoo region could not but visit Mo-ri.
It was an unusual case where a large number of people suddenly came to produce a lot of work, and surprisingly, the recognition of Jeong On projected in the Chinese poems written in Mo-ri during this period appeared almost consistently. In terms of the form, many of the Chinese poems were recited borrowing the rhythm of Jeong On’s poems written in Mo-ri and in terms of contents, the Chinese poems were expressed as those that recollected the life of Jeong On in his time and furthermore, as those that found the spirit of fidelity necessary in their time from him. This was a phenomenon that appeared commonly not only among literary persons in the Gangwoo region but also among all literary persons regardless of their regionalism and academic genealogy. Through the foregoing, it was possible to find the identity of the place of ‘Mo-ri’ as well as the recognition of Jeong On by the literary persons in the Gangwoo region in the 19th and 20th centuries.

참고자료

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