秦漢 遷律의 성립과 폐지 (The Establishment and Abolition of the Qian Law in the Qin-Han Dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 중국사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 중국사연구 / 141호 / 1 ~ 23페이지
· 저자명 : 오준석

초록

秦漢代의 구체적인 율령 조문들을 수록하고 있는 睡虎地秦簡, 張家山漢簡, 嶽麓秦簡 등이 공개되면서 秦漢代 법제사 방면 연구는 폭발적으로 이루어졌고, 이로 인해 秦漢代 율령체계의 전모도 드러나게 되었다. 하지만 최근 출토된 睡虎地漢簡, 胡家草場漢簡을 통해 秦漢代의 律이 獄律과 旁律로 구분되어 있었음이 드러나면서 이를 문헌사료, 특히 蕭何 九章律의 제정과 관련해 고찰하는 연구가 최근 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문은 前漢 文帝시기까지 獄律에 속해 있다가 형법개혁을 전후해 폐지된 遷律의 내용과 폐지 경위를 살펴봄으로써 秦漢代 獄律의 계승과 연원 관계를 고찰해보고자 하였다.
遷律의 경우 前漢 初부터 文帝 시기까지 존재했던 것은 분명하지만, 그 구체적인 내용은 알려져 있지 않다. 하지만 漢代 收律을 통해 遷律의 내용 안에 遷刑의 시행과 관련된 여러 가지 조항들, 특히 함께 遷徙되는 가족의 포함 여부, 遷徙의 대상 지역, 遷徙地에서 도망하거나 다른 범죄를 저질렀을 때의 처벌 규정 등이 포함되었을 것으로 추론하였다. 秦代에도 遷律이 존재하고 있었는지 여부는 불분명하다. 하지만 본고에서는 睡虎地秦簡, 嶽麓秦簡 중 遷律에 수록되었을 것으로 생각되는 律令 조문들을 살펴봄으로써 秦代에 遷律이 존재했을 가능성이 상당히 높고, 비록 존재하지 않았더라도 관련 조문들이 漢代의 遷律로 계승된 것으로 파악하였다. 또한 前漢 文帝의 형법개혁을 통해 육형이 폐지되고 노역형의 형량이 급감하면서 遷刑의 내용이나 형벌 등급에 변화가 발생할 수밖에 없었고, 이로 인해 관련 내용을 규정하고 있는 遷律이 폐지된 것으로 파악하였다. 이런 과정을 통해 秦漢代 獄律에 소속된 律目은 시대의 변화에 따라 주기적으로 추가되거나 폐지되었음을 확인할 수 있었다.

영어초록

With the disclosure of the specific law articles of the Qin and Han Dynasty, such as the Shuihudi Qin bamboo slips, Zhangjiajian Han bamboo slips, and Yuelu Qin bamboo slips, research on the history of the law of the Qin and Han Dynasty was carried out explosively, and the full picture of the law system of the Qin and Han Dynasty was also revealed. However, as it was revealed through the recently excavated Shuihudi Han bamboo slips and Hujiacaochang Han bamboo slips that the law of the Qin and Han Dynasty were divided into the criminal law ​​and the additional law, a study to consider this in connection with the establishment of the nine chapter law is being done recently. This paper tried to examine the succession and origin relationship of the law system in the Qin and Han Dynasty by examining the contents and the background of the abolition of Qian law, which belonged to the criminal law until the reign of Emperor Wen of the Former Han Dynasty and was abolished before and after the reform of the criminal law.
In the case of Qian law, it is clear that it existed from the beginning of the Former Han Dynasty to the reign of Emperor Wen, but its specific details are unknown. However, through the Han Dynasty, there are various provisions related to the execution of the punishment in the contents of the punishment, especially whether or not the family to be included in the punishment together, the target area of ​​the punishment, the punishment when fleeing from the punishment place or committing other crimes, etc. was inferred to have been included. It is unclear whether Qian law existed even in the Qin Dynasty. However, in this paper, by examining the provisions of law, which are thought to have been included in the criminal law, among the Qin Dynasty and there is a high possibility that Qian law's existence in the Qin Dynasty. It was understood that it was inherited as a descendant. In addition, as physical punishment were abolished through the reform of the criminal law of Emperor Wen of the Former Han Dynasty and the sentences of labor punishment were drastically reduced, there was no choice but to change the contents of the Qian penalty or the grade of punishment. Through this process, it was confirmed that law’s code belonging to the Qin and Han dynasty was periodically added or abolished according to the changes of the times.

참고자료

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