음주운전자 275명 혈액 중 마약류 및 남용약물의 분석 (Distribution of Abused Drugs in 275 Alcohol-positive Blood Samples of Korean Driver)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 대한약학회
· 수록지 정보 : 약 학 회 지 / 52권 / 2호 / 137 ~ 146페이지
· 저자명 : 최혜영, 이주선, 최상길, 김은미, 김재균, 김영운, 임미애, 정희선

초록

Even though driving under the influence of drug (DUID) is a worldwide problem, we, Korea has no regulation
system yet except for alcohol, and there are little cases reported related to DUID. In order to investigate the type of abused
drugs for drivers in Korea, we tried to analyze controlled and non-controlled drugs in alcohol-positive blood samples. 275
whole bloods, which were positive for alcohol on the roadside test, were collected from the police for two months
(Nov.~Dec. 2006). The analytical strategy was constituted of three steps: First, alcohol in blood samples were confirmed
and quantified by gas chromatography. Second, controlled drugs were screened by Evidenceinvestigator™ (Randox, U.K.) as
preliminary test. It was based on immunoassay by biochip array analyzer. Nine groups of drug abuse were screened: amphetamines,
methamphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opiates, barbiturates, methadone, benzodiazepines I (oxazepam) & II
(lorazepam). Finally, confirmation of these drugs was performed by GC-MS. Blood samples were extracted by solid-phase
extraction by RapidTrace™ (Zymark, U.S.A.). After trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization, eluates were analyzed to GC-MS.
Total 49 drugs were investigated in this study including controlled drugs, antidepressants, 1st generation antihistamines,
dextromethorphan, nalbuphine, ketamine, etc. For rapid detection, we developed the automated identification system. It was
made up a new software, "DrugMan", modified Chemstation data analysis menu and newly developed macro modules. A
series of peak selection, identification and reporting of the results were performed automatically by this system. Concentrations
of alcohol in 275 blood samples were ranged from 0.011 to 0.249% (average, 0.119%). Among 149 blood samples,
just six samples (4.0%) were showed positive results to the immunoassay: one methamphetamine and five benzodiazepines
group I. By GC-MS confirmation, only benzodiazepines were detected and methamphetamine was not detected from immunoassay
positive blood sample. Besides these drugs, 5 chlorpheniramines, dextromethorphan, diazepam, doxylamine, ibuprofen,
lidocaine and topiramate were also detected in whole bloods by GC-MS. Conclusively, the frequency of drug abuse
for Korean drivers was relatively low. There was none case which illegal drug was detected. However these results were
limited to alcohol positive blood samples, so it is necessary to analyze more samples including alcohol negative blood.

영어초록

Even though driving under the influence of drug (DUID) is a worldwide problem, we, Korea has no regulation
system yet except for alcohol, and there are little cases reported related to DUID. In order to investigate the type of abused
drugs for drivers in Korea, we tried to analyze controlled and non-controlled drugs in alcohol-positive blood samples. 275
whole bloods, which were positive for alcohol on the roadside test, were collected from the police for two months
(Nov.~Dec. 2006). The analytical strategy was constituted of three steps: First, alcohol in blood samples were confirmed
and quantified by gas chromatography. Second, controlled drugs were screened by Evidenceinvestigator™ (Randox, U.K.) as
preliminary test. It was based on immunoassay by biochip array analyzer. Nine groups of drug abuse were screened: amphetamines,
methamphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opiates, barbiturates, methadone, benzodiazepines I (oxazepam) & II
(lorazepam). Finally, confirmation of these drugs was performed by GC-MS. Blood samples were extracted by solid-phase
extraction by RapidTrace™ (Zymark, U.S.A.). After trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization, eluates were analyzed to GC-MS.
Total 49 drugs were investigated in this study including controlled drugs, antidepressants, 1st generation antihistamines,
dextromethorphan, nalbuphine, ketamine, etc. For rapid detection, we developed the automated identification system. It was
made up a new software, "DrugMan", modified Chemstation data analysis menu and newly developed macro modules. A
series of peak selection, identification and reporting of the results were performed automatically by this system. Concentrations
of alcohol in 275 blood samples were ranged from 0.011 to 0.249% (average, 0.119%). Among 149 blood samples,
just six samples (4.0%) were showed positive results to the immunoassay: one methamphetamine and five benzodiazepines
group I. By GC-MS confirmation, only benzodiazepines were detected and methamphetamine was not detected from immunoassay
positive blood sample. Besides these drugs, 5 chlorpheniramines, dextromethorphan, diazepam, doxylamine, ibuprofen,
lidocaine and topiramate were also detected in whole bloods by GC-MS. Conclusively, the frequency of drug abuse
for Korean drivers was relatively low. There was none case which illegal drug was detected. However these results were
limited to alcohol positive blood samples, so it is necessary to analyze more samples including alcohol negative blood.

참고자료

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