헤테로토피아와 고향유토피아 ― 김사량과 루쉰, 이창동과 지아장커의 작품을 중심으로 (Heterotopia and Hometown Utopia in Korean and Chinese Movies and Novels : Focusing on Kim Sa-ryang, Lu Xun and Lee Chang-dong, Jia Zhang-ke)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 대한중국학회
· 수록지 정보 : 중국학 / 78호 / 337 ~ 363페이지
· 저자명 : 이시활

초록

한국과 중국의 현대소설이나 영화에서 주제의식을 드러내는 서사적 전락기제로서 빈번하게 표출되는 ‘고향’ 이미지가 현실화된 유토피아 장소인 헤테로토피아로 전환되고, 미래의 좀 더 나은 세계를 지향하는 고향유토피아 의식으로 승화되는 동양적인 근대의 특징을 살펴보았다. 선행적으로 미셀 푸코의 미완성된 개념인 헤테로토피아의 이론적 특징을 살펴보고 고향유토피아의 개념을 정리하였다. 김사량의 「향수」와 루쉰의 「고향」에서 헤테로토피아와 고향유토피아는 과거를 이상화해 현실을 비판하고 좀 더 나은 미래의 모습을 지향하고 있다. 이창동의 「초록물고기」와 지아장커의 「샤오우」는 도시화라는 격변하는 현실에서 변하는 것과 변할 수 없는 것 사이에서 방황하는 유동하는 헤테로토피아라고 할 수 있다.

영어초록

The goal of this study is to examine the specific examples of the “hometown” image, “heterotopia” and “hometown utopia” which has frequently been expressed as an epic strategic mechanism in modern films and novels of Korean and Chinese writers, such as Lee Chang-dong and Jia Zhang-ke, and in the works of writers such as Kim Sa-ryang and Lu Xun. This study, particularly, pays attention to the features of so-called oriental modernity by carefully examining the process of the hometown images and narratives being converted into the place or space of utopia, namely heterotopia, and thus being sublimated into a hometown utopia ritual that guarantees the future. The term heterotopia is an unrealistic space without a real place, but unlike utopia, it is actually a realized utopia space that exists in real life and performs its function. In art, heterotopia can be transformed into an artistic device that connects the unreasonable real world with the ideal world of the future.
Kim Sa-ryang and Lu Xun's heterotopia and hometown utopia are criticizing reality and leading the future by idealizing the past by combining spatial perceptions of “here” and “there” with temporal perceptions of “past, present, and future”. The films of Lee Chang-dong and Jia Zhangke seem to be admiration for the ideal of heterogeneous consciousness realized through memories of their hometown, which disappeared psychologically after the corruption of their hometown in the process of modernization between Korea and China. It was analyzed as a flowing heterotopia. Therefore, hometown utopia has an active meaning of criticizing and reflecting on various phenomena that occurred in the process of modernization and reflecting on the crisis brought about by Western modernization.

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