유신여성과 민중시의 성담론 연구 (A Research on Yusin Woman and Sexual Discourse of Minjung Poems)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국근대문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국근대문학연구 / 1권 / 18호 / 371 ~ 408페이지
· 저자명 : 허혜정

초록

본 논문은 1970년대 전통적인 부덕(婦德)을 계승하며 근대화의 주체로 여성을 호명했던 유신여성 이념과, 당대의 가장 대표적인 민중시인들의 시 속에 나타는 여성에 대한 재현의 문제점을 ‘매춘’이라는 문제를 중심으로 살펴보았다.
1970년대 다양한 남성 민중시에 나타나는 매춘의 문제는 유신담론이 강조한 여성의 주체성이나 교육, 자각, 새로운 삶의 실천보다는 가부장적인 인식구조 속에서 주변화된 민중의 현실을 반영하였다. 하지만 매춘의 문제를 현실에 대한 비판의식으로 다루기보다는, 화자의 독단과 추상적인 애국주의, 자기연민으로 환원되는 대단히 타성적인 재현수법을 보여주고 있다.
민중시가 종종 여성의 목소리를 빌려 토로하는 창녀의 욕망은 당대의 여성현실에 대한 피상적인 이해와 여성에 대한 비하, 심각한 사실왜곡에 기반하고 있다. 특히 논개 찬양이나, 윤락여성을 ‘유관순’에 비유하여 매춘부가 곧 숭고한 애국자인 양 오도하는 목소리는 남성욕망을 여인의 목소리와 몸에 각인시킴으로 궁극적으로 윤락여성을 남성의 성적/문학적 소비물로 왜곡시키는 사례들이다.
이렇게 민중시가 민중 이미지를 구축하기 위해 사회적인 주변자인 윤락여성을 자주 다루면서도, 매춘에 대한 관대한 낭만적인 환상과 독단을 드러내고 있음은, 민중시의 윤리적 태도와 대립하는 대표적인 모순점이다. 본고는 남성 민중시에 나타나는 매춘여성에 대한 상투적인 재현이나 폭력적인 묘사가 “자유와 해방”의 담론이라 여겨져 왔던 민중시의 은밀한 억압성을 드러낸다고 보았다.

영어초록

The era of 1960s-1970s was the time when the modernization project of Park Jung-hee regime was forced to spread as a social principle in mass desire. The enlightenment movement toward women as a mainly political, economic, and cultural body from the start of Park regime began in a large scale, which is seen through numerous public gatherings and featured articles on magazines and journals, etc. In the said paper, the ideal of Yusin woman(Woman in Revitalizing Reforms) emphasized in the image of patriotic women as the main subject of modernization, inheriting the traditional female virtues in the 1970s and the differences of reproduction among women appearing in the poems of the typical minjung poets of the day are reviewed, focusing on the issue of prostitution.
The matter of prostitution showing in the various male minjung poems in the 1979s is absolutely a far cry from the female subjectivity, education, self-consciousness, and the practice of new life which were stressed on Yusin discourse. While the discourse in Yusin brought up female leaders and elites, referring to prostitutes as the object of enlightenment, the minjung poets visualized them literarily who reflected the reality of commoners who had been pushed out peripherally, the expressive violence such as "rape", etc., is, however, repeated, and whores are beautified as a setting of male heroic warriors as wall as a romantic code of self-pity. Which implies that the harlots are processed as a minjung image through rather the man-centered and paternalistic eyes. Besides, in a good many of minjung poems, the issue of prostitution is not criticized or analysed on the disruptive reality, but, is reduced to dogmatism voiced from the speaker of general minjung, abstractive patriotism, and self-pity, which displays the quite stereotyped techniques of reproduction
The violent descriptions against women that the minjung poems would often bring into the open, or the lustful expressions for male in the borrow of female speakers also reveals that they are based on the superfluous grasp on the female fact on the day, the degradation against toward women, the serious distortion of fact. The most typical case lies in that prostitution is connected to the patriotic discourses. The praise of Nongae, or what a whore says in the voice of "Yoo, Gwan-soon", the representation of female leadership, can mislead readers severely, as though she is a noble patriot. Not a few verses falsify the prostitutes as what is sexually and literarily consumed resultingly by inscribing the male lust in the body and voice of female, concealing them who are the down and out miserable, subjected multi-foldedly in the paternalistic norm and in the social, economic, cultural order.
As described above, the minjung poems often deal with the street girls who come down in the society and express the lenient illusion and arbitrary view, which is phallic as much as the nation's ideal that capitalized the female sex by way of gisaeng sightseeing, etc., and is a typical contradiction against the ethical attitude of minjung poems. in this paper, it is concluded that the habitual reappearance or violent description that is shown against prostitutes in the male minjung poems reveals the clandestine repression of minjung poetry that was regarded as "freedom and liberation". All the materials reviewed in the said paper does not, of course, include the sexual discourses of the minjung poems in the 1970s. But, from seeing that raising the cutting-edge issue of female poets in the 70s on the social matters is focusing on the issue of "prostitution", we are able to draw a critical reflection against the absence of political awareness on sex and the rigid machismo expressed in the male minjung verses.

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