19세기말 戶籍表로 본 平安南道 順川郡 戶의 구성 (The household constitution at Suncheon-gun County of Pyeongannam-do Province as seen by the family register prepared in the end of 19th century)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 고려대학교 역사연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 史叢(사총) / 84호 / 1 ~ 29페이지
· 저자명 : 이정주

초록

1945년 분단 이후 한국사학계의 지방사 연구는 대개 남한 지역 위주로 진행되었다. 이 글은 그동안 소홀히 취급되었던 북한 지역의 인구, 가족, 지리, 경제적 특성의 일단을 정리하려는 목적으로 작성한 것이다. 이를 위해 19세기 말 함경남도 순천군의 鳳峀面, 龍浦面, 院下面에 거주하던 호구를 정리한 호적표에 주목하였다.
이 호적표는 1897년에 작성된 것이었는데, 20세기 초부터 급격한 행정구역 개편이 수차례 진행되었고 자연지명 또한 대거 바뀌어 대상 지역의 정확한 위치조차 파악하기 힘들었다. 게다가 19세기말 호적이 지니는 호구의 누락 현상까지 겹쳐 19세기 순천군의 인구 규모를 추산하는 것조차 불가능했다. 하지만 1897년 당시 순천군의 가족 구성, 산업과 직업, 가옥의 규모 등은 밝힐 수 있었다.
19세기말 순천군의 가족은 母系나 妻系가 철저히 배제된 父系 위주로 구성되었고, 직계가 아닌 傍系 가족도 4%에 불과했다. 순천군에서 보이는 ‘父系直系’ 위주의 가족 구성 원리는 당시 한반도 북부 지역에서는 일반적인 경향이었던 것으로 보인다. 일부 대도시를 제외하고 지방에 국한한다면 순천군 주민들의 경제적 수준은 높은 수준이었던 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 추정은 경제력과 비례하는 1인당 가옥 규모를 통해 가능했다. 순천군 주민 직업의 특징으로는 상업 종사자가 11.8%에 달한다는 점을 들 수 있다. 이들 상인들은 농업 종사자보다 평균적으로 1.19칸 넓은 가옥을 소유하고 있었다. 순천군에 상인이 많았던 것은 그곳이 교통의 요지이자 물자의 집산지였기 때문이었다. 상업 인구가 많고 교통이 발달한 곳이어서인지, 당시 한반도에 넓게 퍼져 있었던 동족촌락은 1곳에 불과했다.

영어초록

This study is on the family register of Suncheon-gun County of Pyeongannam-do Province prepared in year 1897. Yongpo-myeon(township), Bongsoo-myeon and Wonha-myeon were the analysis object of this study; however, it is not possible to know their exact geographical locations now. The reason is that the administrative zones were greatly changed and there were many changes in the physical placenames within 10 years from the preparation of the family register. However, it was possible to carefully estimate by 2~3 placenames in different time spans that the object area of the Suncheon-gun County family register was located along the west riverside of Daedong-gang River, where Wonha-myeon, Yongpo-myeon, Bongsoo-myeon were located in sequence from south to north.
The number of household and population recorded on the 1897 family register of Suncheon-gun County are 503 households and 1,471 persons. However, these figures are much less than actual numbers. According to the family register of Suncheon-gun County, there were 2.92 persons per household at the time; while there were 4.62~5.35 persons per household in the precision census in 1925. It is believed that about 2 persons per household were left out in the 1897 census. The gender ratio in the family register of Suncheon-gun County is 117.6. The reason is that 231 sons were recorded but only 4 daughters were recorded.
The family register of Suncheon-gun County has many weak points in its basic parts such as number of household and average age. However, it is essential and useful information in recreating the scene of Suncheon-gun County in 1897; though it has some limitations in certain numbers. In 1897, there were a household-head group consisting of 106 family names and a married female group consisting of 183 family names in Wonha-myeon, Yongpo-myeon and Bongsoo-myeon. There were diverse family names, not mainly consisting of specific family names. Among the 19 villages in Suncheon-gun County with family register, only 1 village was single family name village. Considering that about one third of Korean village was same surname village at the time, Suncheon-gun County was very exceptional. The reason is that Wonha-myeon, Yongpo-myeon and Bongsoo-myeon were mostly flat and the area was a major traffic point; therefore, there was large floating population and the area had open propensity.
More than 95% of the households in Suncheon-gun County consisted of direct line family members such as a household head, his wife, son, daughter-in-law and mother. 86% of local residents were farmers; while 11.8% were merchants. A house of a merchant was bigger than a house of a farmer by 1.2 rooms. There were 3 Confucian scholars, 4 physicians, 1 local government employee and 2 scholars. These upper class had houses which had average 6 or more rooms.

참고자료

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