고려 현종대의 대거란전쟁과 그 정치 · 외교적 성격 (A Political and Diplomatic Significance of the War against Qidan(契丹) during the Reign of Hyeon-Jong(顯宗) in Koryo Dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 부산경남사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와경계 / 74호 / 85 ~ 127페이지
· 저자명 : 구산우

초록

Apparently, the reason for the second war against Qidan was that Gangjo killed Mok-Jong and helped Hyeon-Jong to the throne without Qidan's approval. But there were the real reasons. In fact, Qidan began to invade Koryo to force Hyeon-Jong to surrender and take the six castles, espacially from the third war.
After the fourth war, Koryo felt confident in her abilities in the war against Qidan. So she took a firm attitude towards Qidan and pushed for ways to rebuild the diplomatic relationship with Song(宋) Dynasty. In the end, Koryo kept the peace with Qidan again after the sixth war. She was to be supposed to submit to Qidan in this relationship outwardly, but adapt the foreign-policy of dealing equally with Qidan and Song thanks to her improved international standing based on winning of the war in all but name.
Song turned down Koryo's desperate appeals for support in the disturbances of war, but did not break off the diplomatic relation with her. Yeojin(女眞) tribes entered the war on the side of Koryo or Qidan according to their circumstances. Many people of East and West Yeojin have exiled or surrendered to Koryo since the beginning of war. They rejected Qidan's request for help, and was planning to be naturalized in Koryo, which developed nation status during the war. The reason why Koryo accepted the tribes as a naturalized person was to get a fresh supply of war supplies, supplement informations, and fill up manpowers. There were some people of Song and Qidan among the naturalized persons, and then the reason was the same as Yeojin.
The two political parties, the moderates and the hawks, were pitted against each other over Qidan policy in Koryo court. The conflict was dued to Heungjoguk(興遼國) problem, which took place in the last period of Hyeon-Jong. The war against Qidan had a big effect on politics and society of Koryo. Choi Jil(崔質) and Kim Hun(金訓) rose in revolt during the war. The government reorganized Gwanggun-Dogam(光軍都監) as Gwanggun-Sa(光軍司) for mobilizing the local troops at all times, and built fortresses in several places including Naseong(羅城) of Gaegyeong(開京). And, the Tripitaka Chojo(初雕大藏經) was carved, the Palgwanhoe(八關會) was resurrected in this time. At the same time, many temples were established or repaired, many towers and monuments errected, and many Buddhist ceremonies hold.
The Palgwanhoe was suffered resurrection after abolition in the time of the war against Qidan from the reign of Seong-Jong to Hyeon-Jong. That was why it was not only a Buddhist ceremony, but a traditional, which connected directly with ancestral customs. At the same time, it was why controversy arose due to clashing views between the political forces over resurrection after abolition. The Palgwanhoe was resurrected just before the second war to concentrate a strong will for resistance.

영어초록

Apparently, the reason for the second war against Qidan was that Gangjo killed Mok-Jong and helped Hyeon-Jong to the throne without Qidan's approval. But there were the real reasons. In fact, Qidan began to invade Koryo to force Hyeon-Jong to surrender and take the six castles, espacially from the third war.
After the fourth war, Koryo felt confident in her abilities in the war against Qidan. So she took a firm attitude towards Qidan and pushed for ways to rebuild the diplomatic relationship with Song(宋) Dynasty. In the end, Koryo kept the peace with Qidan again after the sixth war. She was to be supposed to submit to Qidan in this relationship outwardly, but adapt the foreign-policy of dealing equally with Qidan and Song thanks to her improved international standing based on winning of the war in all but name.
Song turned down Koryo's desperate appeals for support in the disturbances of war, but did not break off the diplomatic relation with her. Yeojin(女眞) tribes entered the war on the side of Koryo or Qidan according to their circumstances. Many people of East and West Yeojin have exiled or surrendered to Koryo since the beginning of war. They rejected Qidan's request for help, and was planning to be naturalized in Koryo, which developed nation status during the war. The reason why Koryo accepted the tribes as a naturalized person was to get a fresh supply of war supplies, supplement informations, and fill up manpowers. There were some people of Song and Qidan among the naturalized persons, and then the reason was the same as Yeojin.
The two political parties, the moderates and the hawks, were pitted against each other over Qidan policy in Koryo court. The conflict was dued to Heungjoguk(興遼國) problem, which took place in the last period of Hyeon-Jong. The war against Qidan had a big effect on politics and society of Koryo. Choi Jil(崔質) and Kim Hun(金訓) rose in revolt during the war. The government reorganized Gwanggun-Dogam(光軍都監) as Gwanggun-Sa(光軍司) for mobilizing the local troops at all times, and built fortresses in several places including Naseong(羅城) of Gaegyeong(開京). And, the Tripitaka Chojo(初雕大藏經) was carved, the Palgwanhoe(八關會) was resurrected in this time. At the same time, many temples were established or repaired, many towers and monuments errected, and many Buddhist ceremonies hold.
The Palgwanhoe was suffered resurrection after abolition in the time of the war against Qidan from the reign of Seong-Jong to Hyeon-Jong. That was why it was not only a Buddhist ceremony, but a traditional, which connected directly with ancestral customs. At the same time, it was why controversy arose due to clashing views between the political forces over resurrection after abolition. The Palgwanhoe was resurrected just before the second war to concentrate a strong will for resistance.

참고자료

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