땅이름 '지리산' 고찰 (A Study on the Place Name of the ‘Jirisan')

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국지명학회
· 수록지 정보 : 지명학 / 17권 / 5 ~ 34페이지
· 저자명 : 곽재용

초록

지리산은 智異山, 智理山, 知異山, 地異山, 地理山 등으로 기록되어 있다. 최초 기록은 쌍계사 ‘진감선사대공탑비’인데, 여기에는 知異山으로 되어 있다. 지리산은 순우리말 ‘지루하다’의 방언인 ‘지리하다’에서 온 말이다.
두류산(頭流山)은 한자말로 백두산의 맥이 뻗어 내려 온 뜻으로 해석이 가능하나 역시 고유어에서 온 말로 본다. 두류산의 ‘두류’는 고구려어 ‘達[높음]’을 나타내는 ‘달/들’ 에서 유래하였다. ‘달>달>다라>다루>두루’로 변해온 것 같다. 또 ‘廻’나 ‘周’의 뜻인 우리말 ‘두루, 두리’가 한자로 표기되면서 두류산이 되었다.
지리산을 삼신산의 하나인 방장산이라고도 하였다. 지리산은 두류산이나 방장산보다 역사적으로 오래되었고 많이 사용하던 땅이름이었다. 지금은 방장산은 거의 쓰지 않고, 두류산은 특수한 경우에만 쓰는 정도이고, 대부분이 지리산을 쓰고 있다. 지리산이든 두류산이든 그 뿌리는 순수한 우리말이다.

영어초록

Jirisan is the first national park and the second highest mountain in South Korea. It lies over three provinces, five cities or counties, sixteen districts, and fifty-nine villages. It is 483.022㎢ in area, which is the largest in South Korea. Jirisan is written as 智異山, 智理山, 知異山, 地異山, 地理山. It was first described as 知異山(Jirisan) in a document called 'Jingamseonsadaegongtapbi' in Ssanggyesa temple. The web-site of the Korean National Park Authority(http://www.knps.or.kr/main/main.do) describes Jirisan as 'the mountain of the wise and exceptional people'. However, it came from original Korean words 'Jirihada;tedious'. Duryusan means it starts from Baekdusan, which is located in the north, and it extends southward. However, this is not true. It is artificial to relate to Bakdusan. The name, Duryusan, is also used about other mountains. Gumkangsan and Sulaksan are not called Duryusan. Duryu also came from original Korean words ‘달/들/두리’. The origin is related to ‘達’ that is used a lot as place name in the Goguryeo era. ‘達’ is equivalent to 高(high) when it is used as a prefix. The original meaning of ‘달’ is high place. The mountain names of ‘달/들/두리’ have changed 頭里/頭流/豆利 as Sino-Korean words. ‘달’ has changed to ‘두루/두류’. The changing process can be indicated ‘달>달>다라>다루>두루’ phonologically. Finally, the Sino-Korean representation of ‘달’ class which means mountain has changed to first, 두루, then 두류. 두리/두루 are related to ‘廻’ or ‘周’, which have to do with some characteristics of the mountain. That is, we can say it has changed in this way: ‘come back', ‘look back’, ‘look around’, ‘pan’, 'circumferance', because mountains are usually very big. Korean words ‘두루, 두리’ have changed to Duryusan when they are written in Chinese characters. In Gyeongsang dialect, 두루 is 두리. It is assumed that 두루 related words became 두류산(頭流山), which is more convenient in translating into Sino-Korean. Especially, the Sino representation of 두류산 has somethings in common with Bakdusan, and intellectuals favored that name. Jirisan is also called Bangjangsan or Banghosan. We call Pungak, Halla, Bangjang as Samsinsan and these mountains are located in the east of Korea; Pungaksan(楓岳山) is Bongraesan (蓬萊山, Keumgangsan), Hallasan(漢拏山) is Yeongjusan(瀛洲山),and Duryusan is Bangjangsan. There are 834 智異山 instances, 4 智理山 instances, 10 知異山 instances, 3 地異山 instances, 15 地理山 instances in the current Korean-traditional-name DB; relating to Duryusan, we can see 頭流山 474 times, 頭留山 5 times, Bangjangsan(方丈山) occurs 265 times, Banghosan(方壺山) 6 times. Jirisan has a longer history and has been used more frequently than Dryusan and Bangjangsan. Now, Bangjangsan is rarely used, Duryusan is only 34 地used in special cases, and Jirisan is most common. Both Jirisan and Duryusan come from original Korean words.

참고자료

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