크리스틴 드 피장의 유기체론 (The Theory of Organism of Christine de Pizan)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국서양사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 서양사론 / 110호 / 150 ~ 174페이지
· 저자명 : 이희만

초록

In this essay I wish to explore the theory of organism of Christine de Pizan under the historical context of the late 14th and early 15th century when France had been experiencing political instability and war against England. Until now, some researchers have regarded Livre du corps de police only as a kind of mirror to the Prince.
However, I understand it as the one including socio-political discourse on the theory of organism. In Livre du corps de police Christine underlines three points－justice, peace and integration－ as a means to treat the socio-political illness faced by France.
Christine sees the body politic as a living body, an organism which is composed of three estates: kings, nobility and knights, the third estate. She also points out cooperation and independence as the features of state as an organism. Her essential points can be summarized as follows.
First, Christine suggests kings to do justice, particularly legal justice, because it is the final means to which the lower class like the third estate can appeal. When the order was shaken and France was mired in the war against England, kings should have punished anyone who violated the law, in order to uphold justice and to foster social integration. Christine says that kings should not impose heavy taxes on people than what they could bear because it leads to rebellions and even the disintegration of the body politic. She also thinks that just taxation plays a kind of distributive justice role.
According to her, kings have to heal the illness of the body politic of France, that is, the war and socio-political instability.
Second, Christine proposes nobility and knights to practice virtues like the love of arms, boldness, honor, etc. According to Christine,the nobility failed to raise their children as good nobility and soldiers,although they enjoyed various privileges. Rather the behaviors of nobility and their luxurious life, she says, created obstacles to social integration. She also warns the nobility with arms not to rape the weak people like the third estate, because it is a disgrace to nobility who should uphold honor.
Third, Christine believes that the third estate plays an important role in keeping the health of state as an organism. In particular she underlines the role of bourgeoise who supplies other members goods and merchandise. It is also worthy to note that she degrades the clergy by making them only a member of the third estate. Although she esteems the function of the third estate positively, Christine does not allow the estate to hold government offices. This reflects her negative view that the lower people like urban poor are inclined to envy the rich and to attempt a rebellion to upset social order or political regime.
In short, Christine insists that the three estates have to heal the illness of the body politic which France then faced and to preserve the state from English invasion by doing justice, establishing peace and seeking integration together.

영어초록

In this essay I wish to explore the theory of organism of Christine de Pizan under the historical context of the late 14th and early 15th century when France had been experiencing political instability and war against England. Until now, some researchers have regarded Livre du corps de police only as a kind of mirror to the Prince.
However, I understand it as the one including socio-political discourse on the theory of organism. In Livre du corps de police Christine underlines three points－justice, peace and integration－ as a means to treat the socio-political illness faced by France.
Christine sees the body politic as a living body, an organism which is composed of three estates: kings, nobility and knights, the third estate. She also points out cooperation and independence as the features of state as an organism. Her essential points can be summarized as follows.
First, Christine suggests kings to do justice, particularly legal justice, because it is the final means to which the lower class like the third estate can appeal. When the order was shaken and France was mired in the war against England, kings should have punished anyone who violated the law, in order to uphold justice and to foster social integration. Christine says that kings should not impose heavy taxes on people than what they could bear because it leads to rebellions and even the disintegration of the body politic. She also thinks that just taxation plays a kind of distributive justice role.
According to her, kings have to heal the illness of the body politic of France, that is, the war and socio-political instability.
Second, Christine proposes nobility and knights to practice virtues like the love of arms, boldness, honor, etc. According to Christine,the nobility failed to raise their children as good nobility and soldiers,although they enjoyed various privileges. Rather the behaviors of nobility and their luxurious life, she says, created obstacles to social integration. She also warns the nobility with arms not to rape the weak people like the third estate, because it is a disgrace to nobility who should uphold honor.
Third, Christine believes that the third estate plays an important role in keeping the health of state as an organism. In particular she underlines the role of bourgeoise who supplies other members goods and merchandise. It is also worthy to note that she degrades the clergy by making them only a member of the third estate. Although she esteems the function of the third estate positively, Christine does not allow the estate to hold government offices. This reflects her negative view that the lower people like urban poor are inclined to envy the rich and to attempt a rebellion to upset social order or political regime.
In short, Christine insists that the three estates have to heal the illness of the body politic which France then faced and to preserve the state from English invasion by doing justice, establishing peace and seeking integration together.

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