詩情을 畵意로 펼친 尹斗緖 一家의 繪畵 (An Understanding of the Painting World of the Yun Family: From the Poetic Emotion to the Ideas in Painting)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 온지학회
· 수록지 정보 : 온지논총 / 32호 / 35 ~ 68페이지
· 저자명 : 조인희

초록

恭齋 尹斗緖, 駱西 尹德熙, 靑皐 尹愹 3代는 18세기 조선후기 화단에 畵名을 남긴 문인화가들로 윤두서와 윤덕희가 남긴 畵評과 題畵詩등을 통해 회화의 形寫뿐만 아니라 寫意 또한 중시했던 회화관을 알 수 있다.
윤두서는 인물화, 말그림 등에서 形似를 중시하는 화가적 면모를 보였고 文氣를 바탕으로 한 사의산수화, 시의도에서는 寫意를 추구하며 문인화의 표석을 마련했다. 그의 시의도 <坐看雲起時>와 <江行>은 조선중기 절파화풍이 화면에 잔존하지만, 같은 화제로 그려진 다른 화가들의 작품과 비교해 볼 때 詩意의 표현이나 구성에 윤두서만의 작가적 고심과 성취가 드러나 있음을 알 수 있다. 이를 통해 윤두서에 이르러 비로소 회화가 문인들에게 진정한 ‘나’의 인격과 예술적 지향을 표현하는 매체가 되었음을 알 수 있다.
윤덕희 또한 아버지의 회화관과 家傳畵風을 이으며 당시 문인들 사이에서 널리 膾炙된 시를 화제로 <松下問童圖>, <韋應物詩意圖>, <月下泛舟圖>를 그렸다. 중국 화보를 참고한 경물 표현을 통해 윤덕희가 남종문인화풍을 수용하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 李宜炳이 화제를 쓴 시의도를 통해서는 당시 문인들과의 교류, 이를 통한 문화적 공감대 형성도 추론된다.
윤용은 윤두서의 경물 표현을 따르고, 보다 안정된 남종문인화풍을 구사한 시의도 <氣蒸深靑圖>를 남기고 있다. 특히 자신의 文氣를 바탕으로 화제시의 詩情을 변화시키고 화보에 구애받지 않고 精緻한 필세로 독창적으로 이를 표현하려한 문인화가의 면목을 보여준다.
이처럼 윤두서 一家가 갖은 문인화의 사의성에 대한 인식과 이를 바탕으로 한 시의도 고찰을 통해 윤두서는 사대부에게 진정한 회화의 의의를 정립했고 이를 바탕으로 詩畵一律의 예술적 지향을 이룬 화가로서 조선후기 시의도등 화단의 융성에 기반을 이루었다. 윤덕희와 윤용 또한 이를 바탕으로 家傳畵風을 이으며 조선후기 화단에서 문인화의 발전을 이루는데 중요한 역할을 했다.

영어초록

The family of Yun Du-seo(1668-1715) with his son, Yun Deok-hee (1686-1766) and his grand son, Yun Yong (1708-1740) are the literate-painters who had left their foot-marks on the painting circle of the 18 century Joseon.
Their writings and poems for paintings show that they thought writing ideas (寫意 xiěyì) is as important as formal likeness(形似 xíngsi) in painting. This article amis to make clear how the understanding and representation of writing ideas, which was perceived as the core element of literati painting (文人畵 wénrénhuà), was expressed in the paintings of the Yun family.
Yun Du-seo had a role of linking the painting world of the middle Chosun to the late Joseon. He painted portrait, true-view landscape, horse painting which had a strong sense of formal likeness on the one hand and laid a groundwork for literati painting pursuing writing ideas through landscape painting with writing ideas, poetic painting(詩意圖 shiyìtú) based on literate-spirit. Though the style of Zhè school (浙派 Zhèpài) of the middle Joseon paintings remain in poetic painting <Sitting and Watching Clouds Rise>와 <Walking along the River> of Yun Du-seo, we can find out the artistic consideration and achievement of literate-painter Yun Du-seo compared with other painters’ works with the same topics. This artistic achievement made an important step on regarding paintings as aesthetic expression of a true self, not as an instrument of noble leisure or spiritual cultivation.
Yun Deok-hee painted <Ask to a child under pine tree>, <Painting on Wei Ying-wu’poem>, <Painting of Boating under the Moon> based on the subjects famous to the literate of the same age having succeeded to the aesthetic philosophy of his father, Yun Du-seo.
We can know that he accepted positively style of Southern-School Literati paintings (南宗文人畵 nánzõng wen-jen hua) when reviewing the expression of the scenery of the season, which would refer to the illustrated guidebooks circulated around the painting circle. His <Painting on Wei Ying-wu’poem>, <Painting of Boating under the Moon>, to which Lee Ui-byeong (1683-?)added painting-poems, show that he might have shared a kind of the cultural consensus with the literate.
Yun Yong, following the expression of Yun Du-seo on the scenery of the season, leaved poetic painting <Summer Landscape> which displayed the more stable aesthetic style of Southern-School Literati Painting. We can recognize that he was a literate painter who had tried to express originally the poetic intentions, showing writing ideas with delicate strokes and changing the poetic emotion on the base of his literate spirit.
Through reviewing the literate-paintings of the Yun family and their perception on writing ideas, we can figure out that Yun Du-seo was a pioneering artist who achieved the aesthetic orientation of the sameness of poem and painting on the base of the understanding of the true characteristic of the painting for the literate, making a base for the development of the painting circle in the 18 century Joseon Yun Deok-hee and Yun Yong followed painting tradition of the family, played an important role in the development of literati-painting in painting circle of the Late Joseon.

참고자료

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