서울 가락동·방이동고분군의 조영 주체와 시기 (Constructor and Time of Construction of Ancient Tombs in Garak-dong and Bangi-dong, Seoul)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 국립공주대학교 백제문화연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 백제문화 / 70호 / 5 ~ 38페이지
· 저자명 : 홍보식

초록

서울 가락동·방이동고분군의 귀속과 축조 시기를 둘러싸고 백제 한성기 고분, 고구려 고분, 6세기 중엽 이후의 신라 고분 등 다양한 견해들이 제시되었다. 이후 가락동 3호분에서 방두정이, 5호분에서 승문 암키와의 존재가 확인되어 이 2기만 백제 한성기 또는 고구려 고분으로서 6세기 중엽 이후 신라인들이 재사용하였다는 견해를 수용하였고, 백제 한성기 유물이 확인되지 않은 가락동·방이동고분군의 횡혈식석실의 귀속을 둘러싸고는 견해 차이가 여전히 존재한다. 최근 방이동 3호분의 발굴조사가 이루어져 과거에 주목하지 못했던 다양한 사실이 확인되었다.
방이동 3호분 조사에서 확인된 봉분 조성 방식 및 매장주체시설의 각 구성 요소의 검토 결과, 봉분 평면형태는 타원형으로서 조성방식은 축약형이고, 매장주체시설은 반지하, 벽체의 벽석은 두께가 얇은 전상형 할석을 사용하여 벽석 사이의 틈이 적은 등 한성기 백제 횡혈식석실의 요소와 같거나 유사하였다.
그러나 6세기 중엽 이후 신라 횡혈식석실의 봉분 평면형태는 원형으로 조성방식이 확대형이고, 매장주체시설은 지상에 구축되었고, 벽체 벽석은 부정형의 할석을 사용하여 벽석 사이의 틈이 넓은 점 등과는 차이가 뚜렷하였다. 따라서 가락동·방이동고분군의 횡혈식석실은 한성기의 백제 고분이고, 신라 토기는 553년 신라가 한강수계를 점령한 후, 한성기의 백제 석실을 재사용하면서 부장되었다고 판단하였다.
서울 가락동·방이동고분군의 횡혈식석실은 한성기의 백제 고분이고, 553년 신라가 한강을 점령한 이후 신라인들에 의해 재사용되는 등 5세기 백제의 매장문화와 6세기 중엽경 한강수계의 정치적 상황을 드러내는 자료로서 주목할 수 있었다.

영어초록

Various opinions have been presented regarding the affiliation and construction period of the ancient tombs in Garak-dong and Bangi-dong, Seoul, including those indicating that they are ancient tombs in the Hanseong period of Baekje, those indicating that they are Goguryeo ancient tombs, and those indicating that they are Silla ancient tombs constructed after the mid-6th century. Thereafter, the existence of square head nails was identified in Garak-dong ancient tomb no. 3 and the existence of straw rope patterned concave tiles was identified in ancient tomb no. 5 so that the view that only these two ancient tombs were constructed in the Hanseong period of Baekje and were reused by the Silla people after the mid-6th century was accepted. There are still differences of opinions regarding the affiliation of the ancient tombs in Garak-dong and Bangi- dong where Baekje relics in the Hanseong period were not identified. Recently, an excavation investigation was conducted at ancient tomb no. 3 in Bangi-dong, and various facts that had not been noticed in the past were identified.
The burial mound construction method and individual components of burial subject’s facilities identified in the investigation of Bangi-dong ancient tomb no. 3 were reviewed and according to the results, the plane shape of the mound was oval, the construction method was a contracted style, the burial subject’s facility was semi-basement, and thin brick-shaped cut stones were used as wall stones on the walls so that the interstices of wall stones were small. These elements were the same or similar to the elements of stone-structured tombs with side door in the Hanseong period of Baekje.
However, since the middle of the 6th century, the plane shape of the burial mound of the stone- structured tombs with side door of Silla was circular, and the construction method was enlarging style, the burial subject’s facility was built on the ground, and irregular shaped cut stones were used as the wall stones of the walls so that the interstices of wall stones were wide. These were clearly different from the Bangi-dong ancient tomb no. 3. Therefore, the stone-structured tombs with side door of the Garak-dong and Bangi-dong ancient tombs are Baekje tombs made in the Hanseong period, and the Silla pottery was buried when Shilla was reusing the Baekje stone- structured tombs from the Hanseong period after Silla occupied the Han River basin in 553 and these could be noted as materials that reveal the burial culture of Baekje in the 5th century and the political situation in the Han River basin, including the advance of Silla in the mid-6th century.

참고자료

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