해방 후 동관왕묘의 변화과정 연구 (A Study on the Change Process of Dong-Gwanwangmyo after Liberation)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한서대학교 동양고전연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 동방학 / 38호 / 161 ~ 198페이지
· 저자명 : 김재명

초록

본고는 동관왕묘가 해방 이후 근‧현대기에 공원화되면서 건물이 훼철되는 과정을 밝혀 향후 원형을 복원할 때 참고가 되고자 한다.
동관왕묘는 1602년 조선 선조와 명 신종(만력제)에 의해 한중 합작으로 조성되었다. 조선 후기 숙종 이후 국왕이 이곳에 친림하면서 관우에 대한 향사가 끊이지 않았고, 정전을 비롯한 건물도 계속 수개하면서 관우 사당으로서 원형을 보존하고 있었다. 그러나 1908년 관왕묘에 대한 국가 제사가 폐지되고 일제 강점기에 국가적 관리에서도 벗어났다. 그러다 해방 이후 1960년대에 동관왕묘의 지반이 주위보다 낮아 침수가 되자 지반을 높이기 시작하였다. 하지만 이것이 해결되지 않고 1970년대에도 계속 문제가 되자, 1974년부터 시작된 동묘 전체의 지반을 높이고 기존 건물을 해체 보수하게 되었다. 이후 1975년 ‘동묘 공원화 사업’과 맞물려 동관왕묘의 지반과 건물 및 시설이 오늘과 같이 변화되었다. 이전과 달라진 동관왕묘의 변화상황을 정리하면 다음과 같다.
첫째, 동관왕묘의 지반이 조선후기보다 60cm 정도 높아졌다. 둘째, 정전과 동서무의 건물 내외부의 재료가 교체되었다. 셋째, 내삼문 좌우의 담장이 헐렸다. 넷째, 재실과 인접한 관리용 건물을 헐었고, 관리사무소와 매표소를 신축하였다. 다섯째, 어막대(御幕臺) 위에 화장실과 집수조(集水槽)를 설치하였다. 여섯째, 외부 담은 자연석담에서 사괴석담으로 바뀌었다.
이처럼 관우의 사당이던 동관왕묘가 1970년대에 공원으로 조성되면서 묘사(廟祀)로서의 원형이 훼손되었는데, 향후 그 원형을 복원하기 위해서는 공원 지정을 해제해서 원래대로 복원해야 할 것이다.

영어초록

This study hopes to act as a reference in restoring Dong-Gwanwangmyo Shrine into its original state after being physically demolished and degraded in purpose of turning the place into a public park in the modern and modern period.
Dong-Gwanwangmyo Shrine was a result of a collaboration work between Korea and China each represented by King Seonjo of Joseon dynasty and Emperor Shenzong(Wanli) of Ming dynasty in the year of 1602. In the later period of Joseon dynasty a personal visit to Dong-Gwanwangmyo Shrine by King Sukjong has been made. And after the incident a constant worshiping ceremony towards Guan Yu has never been stopped which also led to continuous maintenance of the buildings including the Main Hall. This eventually enabled Gwanwangmyo Shrine to retain its original form.
But after abrogating the national worshiping ceremonies practiced at the Gwanwangmyo Shrine in the year of 1908, it was also excluded from the official supervision during the Japanese colonial era. And afterwards in the 1960s after the colonial liberation an elevation of the ground level within the Dong-Gwanwangmyo Shrine area began due to the flooding problem. The flooding problem was caused by the elevation of the ground level of the periphery area of the shrine.
Despite the effort of solving the problem of flooding cause by the ground level the problem still remained in the 1970s. This state eventually led having to start tearing down the building for repairment and also elevating the ground level at 1974. Being cross mixed with the 'Dongmyo Shrine Public Park Project' at 1975, the ground levels along with the buildings and its facilities changed into the state as we see today. The changes that was made are as follows.
Firstly, the ground level of Dong-Gwanwangmyo Shrine has risen about 60㎝ compared to the state of the later Joseon dynasty. Secondly, the interior and exterior member of the Main Hall, Dong-Moo and Seo-Moo has been changed. Thirdly, the neighbouring walls of the inner-triple Gate has been demolished. Fourthly, the management building neighbouring the worshiping hall has been demolished and a ticketing office along with an administration center has been newly built in its place. Fifthly, a toilet and a water tank has been built on top of Eomakdae. Sixthly, the outer walls has been changed from a natural-stone wall to a brick-stone wall.
As we can see Dong-Gwanwangmyo Shrine has suffered some damages as a worshiping place due to the renovation of changing the place into a public park in the 1970s. In order to restore Dong-Gwanwangmyo Shrine into its original state it is necessary to withdraw the place as a public park.

참고자료

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