제주도 ‘돌하르방’에 나타난 한국의 선도문화 (Korean Sundo(선도) Culture viewing through Dolharbang(돌하르방) in Jeju)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 국제뇌교육종합대학원대학교 국학연구원
· 수록지 정보 : 仙道文化 / 5권 / 137 ~ 174페이지
· 저자명 : 장지국

초록

이 연구는 제주도 돌하르방에 나타난 한국선도의 수행문화를 해
석하는데 초점을 맞추었다. 돌하르방은 벅수(法首)의 한 갈래이다.
기록에 의하면 벅수(法首)는 선인의 이름이다. 선도수행을 통하여
삼진(性․命․精)을 회복하고 홍익인간 이화세계의 이상을 실현했
던 선도성인을 ‘선인’이라고 한다. 초기에 벅수(法首)는 선도수행가
의 수행지표 역할을 하던 조형물이었으나 점차 수행전통이 약화되
면서 수호신상으로 변천되었다. 수인이 강조되어 나타나 있는 돌하
르방 가운데 특히 대정현성의 석상은 수행자 이미지가 두드러진다.
이를 한국선도의 삼수행법(止感․調息․禁觸)을 통한 운기수련의
모습으로 설명할 수 있다. 연구자는 이를 육지의 벅수와 구별되는
‘제주도형 벅수’로 정의하고자 한다.

영어초록

This study has been focused on interpreting of the Training Culture
of the Korean Sundo through the Dolharbang of Jeju island in Korea.
The Korean Sundo was inherited through the three sacred books of
Cheon Bu Gyoung(天符經), Sam Il Sin Go(三一神誥), and Cham
Joen Gye Gyoung(參佺戒經). The basic and core thought of Sundo is
the Sam Won thought, that is to say, the Heaven, the Earth, and the
Men. The final goal of Sundo training is the perfection of self and
the total perfection. These goal had been achieved by means of mate
rializing of Hongikingan and Yihwasyegyeo. There were three saints(桓
因, 桓雄, and 檀君) in the center of the Korean Sundo. Three saints
recovered Sam Jin(三眞; 性,命,精) and materialized Hongikingan and
Yihwasyegyeo through Sundo training. They were called and believed
to the supernatural being, Sun In(仙人), and their shape were expressed
to a statue or Sin Chye(神體) in Dang San(堂山) by the people. Buck
Su(法首) is the name of Sun In(仙人) as per the record. At the begin
ning, Buck Su(法首) was a sculpture with a function of the training
character for Sundo trainees but it was changed to a protecting deity
of village by means of weakening of training tradition.
Dolharbang is one of the Buck Su(法首), and there are 45 Dolhar
bangs in Jeju Island and 2 Dolharbangs in the National Folk Museum
of Korea. Each Dolharbang is emphasis on fingers. I want to define
that Dolharbang is ‘Buck Su in Jeju’, because it is distinguished from
other Buck Su found in main land. There is a image of trainee in 12
Dae Jeong Hyun Sung Dolharbangs, they show the UnKi trainging(運
氣修練) of Korean Sundo through the Three Training Methods(三修
行法; 止感, 調息, and 禁觸). Analyzing of particular in sclupture of
these three area’s Dolharbang, it seems that they made up in order
Dae Jeong Hyun Sung, Jeong Eu Hyun Sung and Jeju Eup Sung. The
feature of sclupture and order of sculpture’s differences show
the process of weakening of training tradition and the reflection of
Buck Su from the main land at the same time.
The training culture of Korean Sundo has been changed or fell off
in land, but it has been reserved comparably with original form in
Jeju Island. Dolharbang is one of the important inheritance; which describes
the training culture of the Korean Sundo through the fingers and shows
the original character of Buck Su(法首).

참고자료

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