현대중국어 고빈도 동사의 윤곽과 토대에 관한 연구 ― 고빈도 동사 ‘开’를 중심으로 (A Study on Profile and Base of Polysemous Verb in Modern Chinese : Focused on Polysemous Verb 'kai(開)')

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초록

This study was conducted to define the various meanings of the modern Chinese polysemous verb “开” based on semantic profile and base of verb from the perspective of cognitive linguistics and presents a schematic for how these meanings are connected and have changed over time. This paper is divided into four parts: 1) The cognitive linguistics concepts of profile and base are based on the perceptual psychology concepts of appearance and foundation, respectively. Perception is the consciousness of the entire image of an object caused by the stimulation of the sensory organs. It is also defined as a basic stage of recognition of objective reality through direct and emotional simulation.
2) In order to analyze the combination conditions of the verb “开,” first data about “开x” was collected based on the heading characters of the verb “开” included in the Modern Chinese Dictionary (7th Edition). Out of a total of 195 heading characters, only “verbs” were selected based on modern standard Chinese and the semantic roles of “开” were classified. Data about “x开” were targeted for 18 vocabulary words, including the predicative components searched at high frequency in the heading characters and the corpus presented in the Modern Chinese Reverse Dictionary (2011). Based on this data, the following six semantic profiles were generated: separation, open, expansion, start, movement, and appearance.
3) Frequently used polysemous verbs become multilingual through metaphor or metonymy. This study examined what mechanisms are used and how it is involved when the verb “开” is involved in the process of expanding meanings. The separation and open categories reflected the cognitive effects of metaphor while the expansion, start, movement, and appearance categories showed the cognitive effects of metonymy.
4) Finally, the profile category of each example was defined according to the semantic qualities of the patterns in which words in those categories combined with the polysemous verb “开.” An abstract image schema was implemented by dividing the profile and base based on the words from which the meanings were derived.

영어초록

This study was conducted to define the various meanings of the modern Chinese polysemous verb “开” based on semantic profile and base of verb from the perspective of cognitive linguistics and presents a schematic for how these meanings are connected and have changed over time. This paper is divided into four parts: 1) The cognitive linguistics concepts of profile and base are based on the perceptual psychology concepts of appearance and foundation, respectively. Perception is the consciousness of the entire image of an object caused by the stimulation of the sensory organs. It is also defined as a basic stage of recognition of objective reality through direct and emotional simulation.
2) In order to analyze the combination conditions of the verb “开,” first data about “开x” was collected based on the heading characters of the verb “开” included in the Modern Chinese Dictionary (7th Edition). Out of a total of 195 heading characters, only “verbs” were selected based on modern standard Chinese and the semantic roles of “开” were classified. Data about “x开” were targeted for 18 vocabulary words, including the predicative components searched at high frequency in the heading characters and the corpus presented in the Modern Chinese Reverse Dictionary (2011). Based on this data, the following six semantic profiles were generated: separation, open, expansion, start, movement, and appearance.
3) Frequently used polysemous verbs become multilingual through metaphor or metonymy. This study examined what mechanisms are used and how it is involved when the verb “开” is involved in the process of expanding meanings. The separation and open categories reflected the cognitive effects of metaphor while the expansion, start, movement, and appearance categories showed the cognitive effects of metonymy.
4) Finally, the profile category of each example was defined according to the semantic qualities of the patterns in which words in those categories combined with the polysemous verb “开.” An abstract image schema was implemented by dividing the profile and base based on the words from which the meanings were derived.

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