현대중국어 ‘到家’ 및 ‘V/A到家’ 구조 고찰 (On ‘daojia’ and the ‘V/A-daojia’ construction in Mandarin)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 중국어문학연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 중국어문학논집 / 102호 / 69 ~ 86페이지
· 저자명 : 신혜인

초록

This study analyzes the semantic, pragmatic and syntactic properties of “到家” and the constructions consisting of “到家”. I also explore the diachronic relation between these constructions as well as the grammaticalization process of “到家”.
“到家” has multiple meanings and a variety of uses under different circumstances as a frequently-used word or/and phrase in Mandarin Chinese. According to the meaning and syntactic feature, “到家” can be classified into three different categories. Firstly, “到家” can be used as a verb phrase that refers to “到達家裏(arrive at home)”. For example, “Ｎ到家(孩子到家)” is analyzed as “subject[孩子]+predicate[到]+object[家]”, “Ｖ到家((把孩子)送到家)” is analyzed as “predicate[送]+complement[到+家]”. Secondly, “到家” can be used as an adjective that refers to “達到一定的水平(reach a certain level)”. For example, “Ｎ到家(功夫到家)” is analyzed as “subject[功夫]+predicate[到家]”, “Ｖ到家((把功夫)練到家)” is analyzed as “predicate[練]+complement[到家]”. In other words, “到家” is on a whole an adjective, rather than a temporary phrasal construction of “到” and “家”. When “到家” means “達到一定的水平(reach a certain level)”, it is usually used with the nouns which denote whether the level is high or low, e.g. “功夫(skill)”, “技術(technique)”，“服務(service)”, “火候(attainment)”. Thirdly, “到家” occurs after the adjective or verb to refer to “達到極高的程度(reach a high degree; very)”. For example, “便宜到家” means “非常便宜(it is very cheap)”. “A到家” is a predicate-degree complement construction. In contrast, I divide “V到家” into two classes: degree complement and result complement. “把功夫練到家了” is a predicate-result complement construction, “到家” represents the result or status of the action, therefore “把功夫練到家了” can be understood as “練功夫練得很好(the skill has been well honed)”. I refer to this construction as “V到家1”. “V到家1” can be converted to “V得很到家”. On the other hand, “把臉丟到家了” is a predicate-degree complement construction, “到家” represents the degree of the status, therefore “把臉丟到家了” cannot be interpreted as “丟臉丟得很好(the face has been well lost)”, it should be interpreted as “非常丟臉(it is very embarrassing)”. I refer to this construction as “V到家2”. “V到家2” cannot be converted to “V得很到家”.
The grammaticalization process of “到家” and the diachronic relation between several constructions consisting of “到家” are as follows. At first, “到家” is only used as verb phrase to refer to “arrive at home”. But via the metaphor of “home” → “the place to go back” → “the place to go” → “the level to be reached”, “到家” gained the derived meaning “reach a certain level” and started to be used as an adjective. As an adjective, “到家” is mainly used as a predicate or a result complement in sentences. After that, “到家” went through a further process of grammaticalization. As a result, when “到家” means “reach a high degree; very”, it is only used as a degree complement.
“到家” is very commonly used as an adjective or a degree complement in modern Mandarin dialogue texts or colloquial speech. However, these features are not well explored in the literature. By exploring the meaning and usage of “到家” in Mandarin Chinese, this study hopes to further our understanding of the function of “到家” and facilitate our teaching and learning of the properties of “到家”.

영어초록

This study analyzes the semantic, pragmatic and syntactic properties of “到家” and the constructions consisting of “到家”. I also explore the diachronic relation between these constructions as well as the grammaticalization process of “到家”.
“到家” has multiple meanings and a variety of uses under different circumstances as a frequently-used word or/and phrase in Mandarin Chinese. According to the meaning and syntactic feature, “到家” can be classified into three different categories. Firstly, “到家” can be used as a verb phrase that refers to “到達家裏(arrive at home)”. For example, “Ｎ到家(孩子到家)” is analyzed as “subject[孩子]+predicate[到]+object[家]”, “Ｖ到家((把孩子)送到家)” is analyzed as “predicate[送]+complement[到+家]”. Secondly, “到家” can be used as an adjective that refers to “達到一定的水平(reach a certain level)”. For example, “Ｎ到家(功夫到家)” is analyzed as “subject[功夫]+predicate[到家]”, “Ｖ到家((把功夫)練到家)” is analyzed as “predicate[練]+complement[到家]”. In other words, “到家” is on a whole an adjective, rather than a temporary phrasal construction of “到” and “家”. When “到家” means “達到一定的水平(reach a certain level)”, it is usually used with the nouns which denote whether the level is high or low, e.g. “功夫(skill)”, “技術(technique)”，“服務(service)”, “火候(attainment)”. Thirdly, “到家” occurs after the adjective or verb to refer to “達到極高的程度(reach a high degree; very)”. For example, “便宜到家” means “非常便宜(it is very cheap)”. “A到家” is a predicate-degree complement construction. In contrast, I divide “V到家” into two classes: degree complement and result complement. “把功夫練到家了” is a predicate-result complement construction, “到家” represents the result or status of the action, therefore “把功夫練到家了” can be understood as “練功夫練得很好(the skill has been well honed)”. I refer to this construction as “V到家1”. “V到家1” can be converted to “V得很到家”. On the other hand, “把臉丟到家了” is a predicate-degree complement construction, “到家” represents the degree of the status, therefore “把臉丟到家了” cannot be interpreted as “丟臉丟得很好(the face has been well lost)”, it should be interpreted as “非常丟臉(it is very embarrassing)”. I refer to this construction as “V到家2”. “V到家2” cannot be converted to “V得很到家”.
The grammaticalization process of “到家” and the diachronic relation between several constructions consisting of “到家” are as follows. At first, “到家” is only used as verb phrase to refer to “arrive at home”. But via the metaphor of “home” → “the place to go back” → “the place to go” → “the level to be reached”, “到家” gained the derived meaning “reach a certain level” and started to be used as an adjective. As an adjective, “到家” is mainly used as a predicate or a result complement in sentences. After that, “到家” went through a further process of grammaticalization. As a result, when “到家” means “reach a high degree; very”, it is only used as a degree complement.
“到家” is very commonly used as an adjective or a degree complement in modern Mandarin dialogue texts or colloquial speech. However, these features are not well explored in the literature. By exploring the meaning and usage of “到家” in Mandarin Chinese, this study hopes to further our understanding of the function of “到家” and facilitate our teaching and learning of the properties of “到家”.

참고자료

· 없음