남경대학살의 상흔과 성찰적 기억 (Trauma of massacre in Nanjing and reflective memory)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 중국근현대사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 중국근현대사연구 / 57호 / 181 ~ 206페이지
· 저자명 : 김창규

초록

War destroys everything. If anyone experiences war just for one day, he or she will be changed to something different not human at the moment. As we know, destruction and scars from war may not be recovered for quite a long time or forever, and the worst things have been caused by war. Massacre, slaughter of innocent citizens, military comfort women, forced mobilization, raping and plunder in war seem made by only human beings.
Japanese military committed an absolutely unexampled barbarism in Nanjing, China for around six weeks from December 1937. In the Nanjing Massacre, about 300,000 civilians were killed and it left a scar not to disappear forever. Even Nazism regarded the massacre in Nanjing as disgusting, calling that ‘beastly conduct’. Rev. John Magee of Nanjing Anglian Church testified to the massive killing in Nanjing, “Purgatorio shown in La Divina Commedis written by Dante was just the scene shown in Nanjing when it fell to Japanese military just like a group of bloodthirsty Asura from the hell”. Nanjing is the city of sadness keeping modern Chinese dream, frustration, and trauma of war in it.
The scar of the past should not be covered up, and actively diagnosed and operated, instead. To do so, it is required to make out the responsibility for the massive sacrifice, distinguish between the offender and victim clearly, identify the victims and the degree, and thoroughly get rid of the vestige of evil. The negative past should not be treated as a one-off reflection or punishment, but kept newly defining and re-questioning. For the continuous process of memory, there essentially needs a cultural step, which includes a symbol. icon, gravestone, temple, monument, museum, ritual or festival to keep the memory for a long time. Chinese Government expanded and newly opened the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall on the land of 70,000 Pyeong in commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the Nanjing Massacre in December 2007, and made Peace Park near the memorial hall. Of course, the purpose would be to comfort the victims sacrificed and to let the international society know the anti-human war crime committed by the Japanese military. Furthermore, it shows the international world that by delivering the message of peace, they want to be recovered from the trauma and sorrow of war, and also make an effort to prevent any recurrence of such a cruel war.
Japan as the offender also established several Peace Parks to reflect its aggressive war and to relive sufferings of the people. But unfortunately, the war was ‘sacred war’ for Japan, and they commemorate Japanese victims exposed to radiation without thinking the cause. Unfortunately, Japan has refused to make apology to the victims, and sat by and watched the 2nd massacre, the try to remove the event from the world history.
A lot of efforts have been made to correct the wrong past and forgetfulness (or silence) in the relationships between Korean, Chinese, and Japanese government, private sector, academic world, and educational field. Academic world has tried to establish the image of future East-Asia by introspecting the past from the East-Asian view beyond the history of one country. The field of historical education has tried to point out the problems with historical education of each country and correct them. And also, it made various memorial facilities related to war for historical lessons.
To heal the trauma of war and overcome the sorrow, we need self-reflection. First, we should consider the existence of the country that could not protect the life and property of the people. Related to the Nanjing Massacre, Chinese Government betrayed Nanjing citizens twice. The first betrayal was made by the Army of the Nationalist Party that fled, giving up Nanjing even before it fell to the Japanese military, and the second one was made by the Chinese Communist Party that sold their future to Japan. In addition, today China has a problem with related commemorations because of the monopolization and excessiveness according to the political and ideological purpose. It is why we need self-reflection and introspection of past affairs.

영어초록

War destroys everything. If anyone experiences war just for one day, he or she will be changed to something different not human at the moment. As we know, destruction and scars from war may not be recovered for quite a long time or forever, and the worst things have been caused by war. Massacre, slaughter of innocent citizens, military comfort women, forced mobilization, raping and plunder in war seem made by only human beings.
Japanese military committed an absolutely unexampled barbarism in Nanjing, China for around six weeks from December 1937. In the Nanjing Massacre, about 300,000 civilians were killed and it left a scar not to disappear forever. Even Nazism regarded the massacre in Nanjing as disgusting, calling that ‘beastly conduct’. Rev. John Magee of Nanjing Anglian Church testified to the massive killing in Nanjing, “Purgatorio shown in La Divina Commedis written by Dante was just the scene shown in Nanjing when it fell to Japanese military just like a group of bloodthirsty Asura from the hell”. Nanjing is the city of sadness keeping modern Chinese dream, frustration, and trauma of war in it.
The scar of the past should not be covered up, and actively diagnosed and operated, instead. To do so, it is required to make out the responsibility for the massive sacrifice, distinguish between the offender and victim clearly, identify the victims and the degree, and thoroughly get rid of the vestige of evil. The negative past should not be treated as a one-off reflection or punishment, but kept newly defining and re-questioning. For the continuous process of memory, there essentially needs a cultural step, which includes a symbol. icon, gravestone, temple, monument, museum, ritual or festival to keep the memory for a long time. Chinese Government expanded and newly opened the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall on the land of 70,000 Pyeong in commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the Nanjing Massacre in December 2007, and made Peace Park near the memorial hall. Of course, the purpose would be to comfort the victims sacrificed and to let the international society know the anti-human war crime committed by the Japanese military. Furthermore, it shows the international world that by delivering the message of peace, they want to be recovered from the trauma and sorrow of war, and also make an effort to prevent any recurrence of such a cruel war.
Japan as the offender also established several Peace Parks to reflect its aggressive war and to relive sufferings of the people. But unfortunately, the war was ‘sacred war’ for Japan, and they commemorate Japanese victims exposed to radiation without thinking the cause. Unfortunately, Japan has refused to make apology to the victims, and sat by and watched the 2nd massacre, the try to remove the event from the world history.
A lot of efforts have been made to correct the wrong past and forgetfulness (or silence) in the relationships between Korean, Chinese, and Japanese government, private sector, academic world, and educational field. Academic world has tried to establish the image of future East-Asia by introspecting the past from the East-Asian view beyond the history of one country. The field of historical education has tried to point out the problems with historical education of each country and correct them. And also, it made various memorial facilities related to war for historical lessons.
To heal the trauma of war and overcome the sorrow, we need self-reflection. First, we should consider the existence of the country that could not protect the life and property of the people. Related to the Nanjing Massacre, Chinese Government betrayed Nanjing citizens twice. The first betrayal was made by the Army of the Nationalist Party that fled, giving up Nanjing even before it fell to the Japanese military, and the second one was made by the Chinese Communist Party that sold their future to Japan. In addition, today China has a problem with related commemorations because of the monopolization and excessiveness according to the political and ideological purpose. It is why we need self-reflection and introspection of past affairs.

참고자료

· 없음