10세기 국제정세와 고려의 외교 자세 (The International Situation of the 10th Century and Diplomatic Posture of Goryeo against Song Dynasty(對宋))

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국중세사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국중세사연구 / 51호 / 107 ~ 137페이지
· 저자명 : 이승민

초록

The relationship among Goryeo－Khitan－Song in the East Asia international society during the 10th century was an important turning point to estimate the diplomatic situation among the East Asian countries. Goryeo broke off diplomatic relations with Song Dynasty and determined tribute to Khitan, to prevent invasion of Khitan. Later, Goryeo Dynasty did not make relationship regarding crown prince installation with Song Dynasty, a supremacy country during the last 250 years, instead, received installation of crown prince consecutively by northern Khitan and Jin Dynasty.
The diplomatic posture of Goryeo during this period can be determined based on five aspects. First, accumulation of diplomatic experience that had responded to the complicated and unstable situation between China and northern area since later Three Kingdoms era. In the complicated situation that Goryeo[Taebong], Silla, and Post Baekje of the Korean Peninsula coexisted, involved with Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms of China, and northern Khitan, Goryeo interacted with several surrounding nations. Second, since the collapse of Balhae, Goryeo gradually changed diplomatic line. After the collapse of Balhae, in the situation of proclaiming aggressive diplomatic route, such as the migrants’ move into Goryeo and Post Tang’s murder of envoy from Khitan and Post Baekje to restrain Khitan, Goryeo gradually moved the center of diplomacy to Five Dynasties of China. Also, target for diplomacy was diversified, such as dispatch of envoy to Namdang and Owol. Third, Goryeo began a regular diplomatic negotiation since unification of Post Three Kingdoms period, revealing a hostile attitude toward Khitan, exerting efforts to make an amicable diplomatic relation with Post Qin. Fourth, institution was organized and ideological exchange was extended during Gwangjong－Gyeongjong－Seongjong in Goryeo Dynasty, the relationship between Post Zhou Dynasty－Song became more close than before. Fifth, a policy to stabilize northern territory was developed along with the organization of internal system. Instead of securing 280-feet movement of Amnokgang river to confront invasion of Khitan, the crown prince installation nation was changed to Khitan from Song Dynasty.
Based on the above content, this research could determine a flexible attitude of diplomatic issues in the diversified international society mainly with national profit. Goryeo responded to the complicated East Asia situation until it changed crown prince installation nation from Song Dynasty to Khitan, through unification since Post Three Kingdoms period, on the basis of the diplomacy, preservation of nation, such as unification of Post Three Kingdoms and organization of domestic system, and stable operation of nation was prioritized.

영어초록

The relationship among Goryeo－Khitan－Song in the East Asia international society during the 10th century was an important turning point to estimate the diplomatic situation among the East Asian countries. Goryeo broke off diplomatic relations with Song Dynasty and determined tribute to Khitan, to prevent invasion of Khitan. Later, Goryeo Dynasty did not make relationship regarding crown prince installation with Song Dynasty, a supremacy country during the last 250 years, instead, received installation of crown prince consecutively by northern Khitan and Jin Dynasty.
The diplomatic posture of Goryeo during this period can be determined based on five aspects. First, accumulation of diplomatic experience that had responded to the complicated and unstable situation between China and northern area since later Three Kingdoms era. In the complicated situation that Goryeo[Taebong], Silla, and Post Baekje of the Korean Peninsula coexisted, involved with Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms of China, and northern Khitan, Goryeo interacted with several surrounding nations. Second, since the collapse of Balhae, Goryeo gradually changed diplomatic line. After the collapse of Balhae, in the situation of proclaiming aggressive diplomatic route, such as the migrants’ move into Goryeo and Post Tang’s murder of envoy from Khitan and Post Baekje to restrain Khitan, Goryeo gradually moved the center of diplomacy to Five Dynasties of China. Also, target for diplomacy was diversified, such as dispatch of envoy to Namdang and Owol. Third, Goryeo began a regular diplomatic negotiation since unification of Post Three Kingdoms period, revealing a hostile attitude toward Khitan, exerting efforts to make an amicable diplomatic relation with Post Qin. Fourth, institution was organized and ideological exchange was extended during Gwangjong－Gyeongjong－Seongjong in Goryeo Dynasty, the relationship between Post Zhou Dynasty－Song became more close than before. Fifth, a policy to stabilize northern territory was developed along with the organization of internal system. Instead of securing 280-feet movement of Amnokgang river to confront invasion of Khitan, the crown prince installation nation was changed to Khitan from Song Dynasty.
Based on the above content, this research could determine a flexible attitude of diplomatic issues in the diversified international society mainly with national profit. Goryeo responded to the complicated East Asia situation until it changed crown prince installation nation from Song Dynasty to Khitan, through unification since Post Three Kingdoms period, on the basis of the diplomacy, preservation of nation, such as unification of Post Three Kingdoms and organization of domestic system, and stable operation of nation was prioritized.

참고자료

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