조선전기 사족부녀 대송(代訟)의 성격과 소송 양상 (The characteristics and litigation of Daesong(代訟) by women of Yangban class in the Chosun Dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국여성사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 여성과 역사 / 32호 / 329 ~ 362페이지
· 저자명 : 한효정

초록

이 논문은 조선전기 사족 여성의 소송 방식이 대송으로 제도화되는 과정과 특징을 고찰한 글이다. 조선시대 소송제도는 당사자가 직접 참여하는친송(親訟)이 원칙이었으나 사족부녀에게는 대송을 허용하였다. 사족부녀의 대송 규정은『경국대전』에 실렸는데, 이 규정은 세종대 이후 유교적윤리질서 강화와 깊이 관련되었다. 즉, 일부일처제 정책의 하나로 사족여성의 출입 규제가 법제화됨에 따라 송정(訟庭) 출입과 대면심리를 제한하는조치가 시행되었고, 그 대안으로 대송을 허용한 것이었다. 결국 대송은 송정출입에 따른 사족여성의 실절(失節)을 방지하기 위한 목적이 강하며, 이에따라 허용된 특례 성격을 띠었다. 한편, 사족여성의 친송 제약은 사족여성의소송 능력 위축으로 이어져 과부의 재산 관리와 유지에 문제가 발생할 가능성이 컸다. 실제 사족여성의 소송사례를 분석한 결과, 과부가 된 처가 부계(夫系) 재산을 대상으로 소송한 사례가 대부분이며, 소송 결과 처에게 향후상속권자인 아들보다 우선하는 법적 권한을 부여해주었다. 즉, 사족여성의 대송 허용에는 사족여성의 친송 규제로 위축된 소송의 보완과 과부의 재산권 보호를 위한 측면이 고려된 것으로 분석된다. 따라서 대송은 사족여성의사회 활동을 규제하는 동시에 처의 경제적 지위를 공식적으로 보호한 양면성이 있는 제도였다고 할 수 있다.

영어초록

This paper examined the process and features of institutionalization in Daesong in the way of litigation of women in the Chosun Dynasty. Women in the early Chosun Dynasty had no distinction between participation in litigation and Daesong, but since the 16th century, participation in litigation gradually decreased and Daesong expanded. In the Chosun Dynasty, the litigation system was based on the participation of the parties, but the provision of Daesong of women of yangban class started from the regulations restricting the lawsuit parties from entering the court. The direction of the criminal prosecution regulations for these women of yangban class influenced Sasong (詞訟), thereby regulating the participation of women of yangban class. As an alternative, Daesong was allowed, and the rules of the Kyungkuk-dajeon(經國大典) were introduced. The criminal prosecution of women of yangban class and the provisions of Daesong were deeply related to the strengthening of the order of Confucian ethics since the time of King Sejong. At that time, the monogamous system was regarded as an ideal system and the policy was established. As the separation of space between men and women was emphasized and legislated by virtue of practical ethics, a rule was created to prohibit women of yangban class from entering the court and limit face-to-face psychology. As an alternative, the Daesong rule appeared. In the end, Daesong had a strong purpose to preserve chastity of women of yangban class, and has a preferential personality allowed for this. However, when analyzing the actual case of a lawsuit, the wife was a litigant in the dispute over her deceased husband's property and the power of the litigant took precedence over her son. This fact means that women in her husband's property have authority over the husband's property and the right of the litigant party when a legal dispute arises, and shows the authority and status of the wife's family system. In other words, the authority and status of the wife were systematically protected in the management of families during the Chosun Dynasty. Measures restricting women in aristocratic elites' participation in lawsuits have caused women to avoid court entry. As a result, the lawsuit ability of women of yangban class was restricted, which increased the possibility of problems in the management and maintenance of husband's property. The policy to allow Daesong of women of yangban class was analyzed to take into account the supplementation of women in aristocratic elites's contracted litigation ability and protection of authority over husband's property. Thus Daesong(代訟) shows the regulatory aspects of the social activities of women of yangban class, while at the same time officially recognizing and guaranteeing the role and status of the wife in the family system. This is considered to be a cross-section of the Confucian patriarchal system of the Chosun Dynasty, which valued and guaranteed women's economic rights and family management.

참고자료

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