재난 경험의 경계와 확장- 지역에서 바라본 동일본대지진 - (Extending the Boundaries of Disaster Experience - The Great East Japan Earthquake from a Local Perspective -)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국일어일문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 일어일문학연구 / 131권 / 163 ~ 193페이지
· 저자명 : 심정명

초록

2011年3月11日に発生した複合災害である東日本大震災は、世界史的な出来事として認識されると同時に、「がんばれ！ニッポン」という掛け声が表しているように、日本の国難、ナショナルな災害として受け入れらた。また、日本文学においては一つの転換点をもたらしたと評価され、震災後に書かれた文学は同時代の世界文学に接続された。本稿では、このように大震災を世界につながる出来事として記号化するのではなく、また「日本の」という所有格に囲い込むのでもない形の、東日本大震災文学のあり方を模索しようとする。周知のように、大震災は日本という地理的、国民的境界は言うまでもなく、「東北」という地方の名前においても一括りにできない、さまざまな境界と分断を内在した出来事である。このような観点から、本論では具体的な地域という位置から震災以降を描く文学作品を取り上げ、それらの作品において震災や復興がいかに描かれるかを詳細に見ていく。 具体的には、まず仙台出身の主人公が、東京と仙台を往復するような立ち位置から、震災の被害の違いに焦点を当てる穂高明の『青と白と』を扱う。小説では、東京と仙台の違いに見えたものが、実は岩手県内、あるいは市内の沿岸部や市街地の間にも細かく存在していることが顕になる。次には、八戸という、被災３県に入らない、一般的には被害が少ないとされる地域を背景とする木村友祐の「イサの氾濫」を分析する。この小説は、蝦夷に象徴される集合的な抵抗の声を中心に読まれてきたが、ここではそれと同時に、「大したことない」「軽微」な津波被害の具体的な物質性への気づきが、いかに異なる地域の、無数に存在する異なる災害の経験と震災のそれを結びつけるかを見ていく。最後に、佐藤厚志の『荒地の家族』において亘理町という具体的な地域に生きる主人公の視点から、復興後の地域が抱える問題がいかに描かれているかを検討する。そこで復興は津波の記憶を想起させるものとして存在し、また「元通り」にはならない災害後の時間は個人が経験するさまざまな苦痛や喪失ともつながる。

영어초록

The Great East Japan Earthquake, a multifaceted disaster that occurred on March 11, 2011, was recognized as an event of global history. At the same time, as the slogan “Gambare Nippon” says, it was accepted as a national disaster for Japan. It was also considered a turning point in Japanese literature, and so called post3.11 literature was connected to the world literature. This paper seeks to identify a form of the literature on the Great East Japan Earthquake that neither nationalizes nor abstracts the disaster as a global one. As is well known, the Great East Japan Earthquake is an event with various boundaries and divisions within it, which neither can be summed up in the name of Japan nor in the region of “Tohoku”. From this perspective, this paper will focus on literary works that depict the earthquake and its aftermath through the lens of specific regions, and examine in detail how the disaster and reconstruction are depicted in these works.
In the first chapter, I will cover Akira Hodaka's Blue and White, in which the protagonist from Sendai, focuses on the differences in the damage caused by the earthquake. In this novel, what appears to be a difference between Tokyo and Sendai is actually revealed to exist in detail within Iwate Prefecture, or even between the coastal and urban areas of the city. Next, I will analyze Yusuke Kimura's “The Flood of Isa," which is set against the backdrop of Hachinohe, a region that is generally considered less affected by tsunami. This novel has been read primarily as a work depicting a voice of collective resistance symbolized by the Emishi, but here I focus on how, at the same time, the awareness of the concrete materiality of the "no big deal" and "minor" tsunami damage connects the experience of myriad distinct disasters in different regions to that of the earthquake. Finally, I will examine how Atsushi Sato's A Family in the Wasteland depicts the problems faced by the region after reconstruction from the perspective of the protagonist, who lives in Watari-cho. In this novel, reconstruction exists as a reminder of the memory of the tsunami, and the time after the disaster, which cannot be "back to normal," is also connected to the various pains and losses experienced by individuals.

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