영국 보수당-자유민주당 연립정권의 상원개혁 시도 - 입법 실패과정에 드러난 정치적 함의를 중심으로 - (The UK Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition’s Attempt at Lords Reform - Focusing on Political Implications of Its Failure -)

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초록

This article deals with the historical process of Lords reform of the UK, which began with the Parliament Act 1911. The People`s Budget proposed by the Liberal Party in 1909 provoked the Conservative Party to break the convention that Money Bills supported by the Commons should not be vetoed by the Lords. This was followed by the Liberals’ political manoeuvre to weaken the power of the Lords, which had been dominated by the Conservatives and frequently thwarted the Liberals’ reform policies throughout the nineteenth century. The Parliament Act 1911 prohibited the Lords veto over Money Bills and restricted its power to delay the Bills passed by the Commons within two years.
Another series of Lords reforms was initiated by Tony Blair’s new Labour government in 1998. Encouraged by the landslide general election victory in 1997, the Labour Party succeeded in removing most of the hereditary peers from the House of Lords. Although the Conservatives fiercly resisted this reform, Blair made the reform Bill passed by both Houses of Parliament. The Labour continued to pursue further reforms of the Lords and the Liberal Democrats supported this process because they wanted to exert political powers through the reformed Lords in the situation that it was very difficult to send enough candidates to the House of Commons due to the first-past-the-post system.
The Conservative-Lib Dem Coalition government wanted to reform the House of Lords by making its composition to include more than 80% of elected members. As the Liberal Democrats had already failed to displace the first-past-the-the-post system with an alternative voting system, they began to focus on reforming the Lords in 2012. Their effort was, however, faced with Tory rebel’s resistance in the second reading of the House of Commons, and the House of Lords Reform Bill was abandoned. This triggered political conflict between the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats. Since winning the majority of the seats of the Commons in the general election 1915, the Conservatives have not paid enough attention to the Lords reform, while attempting to appoint more peers to the Lords, who take favourable attitudes toward the Conservatives.

영어초록

This article deals with the historical process of Lords reform of the UK, which began with the Parliament Act 1911. The People`s Budget proposed by the Liberal Party in 1909 provoked the Conservative Party to break the convention that Money Bills supported by the Commons should not be vetoed by the Lords. This was followed by the Liberals’ political manoeuvre to weaken the power of the Lords, which had been dominated by the Conservatives and frequently thwarted the Liberals’ reform policies throughout the nineteenth century. The Parliament Act 1911 prohibited the Lords veto over Money Bills and restricted its power to delay the Bills passed by the Commons within two years.
Another series of Lords reforms was initiated by Tony Blair’s new Labour government in 1998. Encouraged by the landslide general election victory in 1997, the Labour Party succeeded in removing most of the hereditary peers from the House of Lords. Although the Conservatives fiercly resisted this reform, Blair made the reform Bill passed by both Houses of Parliament. The Labour continued to pursue further reforms of the Lords and the Liberal Democrats supported this process because they wanted to exert political powers through the reformed Lords in the situation that it was very difficult to send enough candidates to the House of Commons due to the first-past-the-post system.
The Conservative-Lib Dem Coalition government wanted to reform the House of Lords by making its composition to include more than 80% of elected members. As the Liberal Democrats had already failed to displace the first-past-the-the-post system with an alternative voting system, they began to focus on reforming the Lords in 2012. Their effort was, however, faced with Tory rebel’s resistance in the second reading of the House of Commons, and the House of Lords Reform Bill was abandoned. This triggered political conflict between the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats. Since winning the majority of the seats of the Commons in the general election 1915, the Conservatives have not paid enough attention to the Lords reform, while attempting to appoint more peers to the Lords, who take favourable attitudes toward the Conservatives.

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