조선의 궁궐 도시와 만나다 : 궁궐의 앞과 뒤 (The Urban Form of Hanyang : Korean Native Characteristics and East Asian Traditions)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 서울시립대학교 서울학연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 서울학연구 / 33호 / 41 ~ 74페이지
· 저자명 : 이상구

초록

Kyongbok Palace(景福宮) in the central space of Hanyang, the walled capital city of Joseon, has the major mountain(主山), Baikak(白岳), standing in its back and unfolds Kwangwhamun and Yukjo office street(六曹大路) in its front area. Changduk Palace(昌德宮), substituted for Kyongbok Palace after the Japanese invasion of 1592, had the second major mountain(副主山), Eungbong(鷹峰), supporting it in its back and laid in its front the present Donwhamun Street with Donwhamun(敦化門) and office street arcades(行廊). The structures of [Baikak – Kyongbok Palace – Yukjo Office Street] and [Eungbong – Changduk Palace - Donwhamun Street] are identical as both of them show the same pattern: [Mountain – Palace – Office Street].
[Mountain – Palace] : The mountain ranges connected to ‘the back of the city wall’ have continued as a historic root of Korean walled capital city construction and have appeared as a genetic trait of our city. Baikak rise high behind Kyongbok Palace and Eungbong in the back of Changduk Palace. Following the ridges outstretched beside Baikak and Eungbong, one will meet the figure of Pogok mountain fortress(包谷式山城) surrounding the urban areas. Moreover, tracing back to the genetic factors of the city creating such figures, one will also encounter, like facing their parents, similar figures, Kegyong(開京) of Goryeo’s capital, Jangan(長安城) of Goguryeo, and Jolbon(卒本城) rising high up at the north of Hon River(渾江) again in the end. The genetic factors of Pogok mountain fortress exhibit their actual figures in the four inner mountains(內四山) surrounding Hanyang and the gentle hills made by the mountains outstretched into the city. Forming a city with preserving the natural order is the Korean tradition of city construction. Our ancestors did not decide city structure or form its organization artificially through public works against the natural order but created a city with naturalness and rich placeness using natural features and micro topography as they were.
[Palace – Main Street] : The structure of the main street on which government offices line up ‘before the palace’ embodies the features of the middle ages’ walled capital styles which were being newly established then based on the East Asian traditions succeeded from the ancient times. In the process of establishing Chinese walled capital styles, the change of forming a horizontal axis due south of the palace and arranging government offices there, which occurred from the time of Ye-du of CaoWei(曹魏 鄴都) till the time of Luoyang of BeiWei(北魏 洛陽) fostered the structure of Chang’an of Sui and Tang(隋唐 長安) which was the final accomplishment of ancient Chinese walled capital city. In Chang'an, the palace(宮城) and the imperial city(皇城) was arranged in the northern end, and the Zhuque main street(朱雀大路) forming an east-west symmetrical structure was built before it. After Chang'an of Sui and Tang, the palace was situated in the center of the walled capital city, so the distance between the palace and the outer area became shorter, and the appearance of the central north-south axis also changed as well. Thereby, T-shaped central space and government offices arranged in its back were formed as in Beijing(北京). In other words, the walled capital city styles represented by Chang’an of Sui and Tang became altered into those of the middle ages shown successively in Kaifeng(開封), Nanjing(南京), and Beijing(北京). Moreover, the central street axes with office arcades in front of Changduk Palace and Kyongbok Palace in Hanayng exhibit the very traditions and changes, that is, the old East Asian traditions of walled capital city and the periodic characteristics of the middle ages.

영어초록

Kyongbok Palace(景福宮) in the central space of Hanyang, the walled capital city of Joseon, has the major mountain(主山), Baikak(白岳), standing in its back and unfolds Kwangwhamun and Yukjo office street(六曹大路) in its front area. Changduk Palace(昌德宮), substituted for Kyongbok Palace after the Japanese invasion of 1592, had the second major mountain(副主山), Eungbong(鷹峰), supporting it in its back and laid in its front the present Donwhamun Street with Donwhamun(敦化門) and office street arcades(行廊). The structures of [Baikak – Kyongbok Palace – Yukjo Office Street] and [Eungbong – Changduk Palace - Donwhamun Street] are identical as both of them show the same pattern: [Mountain – Palace – Office Street].
[Mountain – Palace] : The mountain ranges connected to ‘the back of the city wall’ have continued as a historic root of Korean walled capital city construction and have appeared as a genetic trait of our city. Baikak rise high behind Kyongbok Palace and Eungbong in the back of Changduk Palace. Following the ridges outstretched beside Baikak and Eungbong, one will meet the figure of Pogok mountain fortress(包谷式山城) surrounding the urban areas. Moreover, tracing back to the genetic factors of the city creating such figures, one will also encounter, like facing their parents, similar figures, Kegyong(開京) of Goryeo’s capital, Jangan(長安城) of Goguryeo, and Jolbon(卒本城) rising high up at the north of Hon River(渾江) again in the end. The genetic factors of Pogok mountain fortress exhibit their actual figures in the four inner mountains(內四山) surrounding Hanyang and the gentle hills made by the mountains outstretched into the city. Forming a city with preserving the natural order is the Korean tradition of city construction. Our ancestors did not decide city structure or form its organization artificially through public works against the natural order but created a city with naturalness and rich placeness using natural features and micro topography as they were.
[Palace – Main Street] : The structure of the main street on which government offices line up ‘before the palace’ embodies the features of the middle ages’ walled capital styles which were being newly established then based on the East Asian traditions succeeded from the ancient times. In the process of establishing Chinese walled capital styles, the change of forming a horizontal axis due south of the palace and arranging government offices there, which occurred from the time of Ye-du of CaoWei(曹魏 鄴都) till the time of Luoyang of BeiWei(北魏 洛陽) fostered the structure of Chang’an of Sui and Tang(隋唐 長安) which was the final accomplishment of ancient Chinese walled capital city. In Chang'an, the palace(宮城) and the imperial city(皇城) was arranged in the northern end, and the Zhuque main street(朱雀大路) forming an east-west symmetrical structure was built before it. After Chang'an of Sui and Tang, the palace was situated in the center of the walled capital city, so the distance between the palace and the outer area became shorter, and the appearance of the central north-south axis also changed as well. Thereby, T-shaped central space and government offices arranged in its back were formed as in Beijing(北京). In other words, the walled capital city styles represented by Chang’an of Sui and Tang became altered into those of the middle ages shown successively in Kaifeng(開封), Nanjing(南京), and Beijing(北京). Moreover, the central street axes with office arcades in front of Changduk Palace and Kyongbok Palace in Hanayng exhibit the very traditions and changes, that is, the old East Asian traditions of walled capital city and the periodic characteristics of the middle ages.

참고자료

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