한국어 접속문에 나타나는 ‘-었-’의 생략 현상의 환경과 해석: ‘-고’, ‘-지만’, ‘-으니’ 접속문을 중심으로 (Environments and Interpretations of ‘-eoss-’ Omission in Korean Conjunctive Sentences)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 국어학회
· 수록지 정보 : 國語學 / 58호 / 157 ~ 200페이지
· 저자명 : 손혜옥

초록

본 연구에서는 ‘-고’, ‘-지만’, ‘-으니’ 접속문을 대상으로 한국어 접속문에서 시제 생략이라고 했던 현상들에 대해서 그 환경을 밝히고, 원인을 찾는 것을 목표로 하였다. 본 연구에서는 ‘-고’ 접속문의 경우 공간나열의 의미를 갖는 ‘-고’ 접속문 이외에도 다양한 유형에서 시제 생략 현상이 발생하는 것을 확인하고, ‘-고’ 접속문의 시제 생략 현상을 생략으로 보지 않고 구조적 차이로 설명했다. ‘-지만’ 접속문은 선행절 동사구의 어휘상이 상태동사구일 때, 선행절에 반복상이 나타날 때, 선행절의 ‘-었-’의 유무에 의한 시제 해석의 차이가 사라졌다. ‘-으니’ 접속문은 선행절의 동사구의 어휘상이 상태동사구일 때 선행절에 진행상이 나타날 때 선행절의 ‘-었-’ 유무에 의한 시제 해석의 차이가 사라졌다. ‘-으니’의 경우 이런 현상이 발생하는 원인에 대해 상대시제의 자체가 가지고 있는 특성으로 설명했다. 상대시제의 경우 선행절의 ‘-었-’ 유무에 따른 과거/현재의 차이는 종료,완료/진행으로 해석될 수 있는데, 과거 시제 형태소 ‘-었-’이 상태동사구나 진행형에 결합할 때는 종료상이 드러날 수 없기 때문에 의미 변별이 사라지는 것이다. 그리고 ‘-지만’, ‘-으니’ 접속문에 보이는 이런 현상을 시제 중화 현상이라 하였는데, 이는 Comrie(1985)의 시제 중화 개념을 들여와 그 의미를 수정한 것이다.

영어초록

This study examined the prefinal ending ‘-eoss-’ appearing in the first clause of Korean conjunctive sentences. Environments in which there is no difference in tense interpretation are identified, and reasons why this phenomenon occurs are suggested. Specifically, conjunctive sentences using ‘-go’ and ‘-jiman’, in which the first clause is understood to have absolute tense, and conjunctive sentences using ‘-euni’, in which the first clause is understood to have relative tense, were chosen for analysis.
Regarding ‘-go’ conjunctive sentences, it was confirmed that tense is largely determined by the tense of the second clause, regardless of the presence of ‘-eoss-’. The phenomenon occurs not by ‘-eoss-’ omission, but because there are two possible types of ‘-go’ conjunctive sentence constructions: 1) independent structures in which there are two tense slots, one in the first clause and one in the second clause; and 2) dependent structures in which there is only one tense slot in the second clause. Although both types of structures are possible, a dependent structure is favored when the first and second clauses are closely related. This can therefore explain the fact that while ‘-eoss-’ can appear in all other conjunctive sentence types, in ‘-go’ sentences either its appearance or omission can be favored depending on the situation.
Regarding ‘-jiman’ conjunctive sentences, it was confirmed that regardless of the presence of ‘-eoss-’, tense is determined when either 1) the first and second clauses are both in the past tense, and the aktionsart of the first clause‘s verb phrase is stative; or 2) when there is an iterative aspect to the first clause. As for conjunctive sentences using ‘-euni’, which expresses a reason, the first clause is understood in terms of relative tense. When the second clause of a ‘-euni’ conjunctive sentence is in past tense, both clauses are understood to be in past tense regardless of the presence of ‘-eoss-’ if either the first clause’s verb phrase is stative or the first clause has an iterative aspect. The reason this phenomenon is possible in ‘-euni’ conjunctive sentences is related to their relative tense.
Thus, with respect to conjunctive sentences in which the first clause is in relative tense, the current study reinterpreted the difference between the appearance and omission of ‘-eoss-’ in terms of aspect, not tense. Accordingly, it explains why the addition of ‘-eoss-’ does not always result in a clear aspectual difference when the verb phrase of the first clause is stative or when the first clause has an iterative aspect; this is the ‘-eoss-’ considered to have been omitted by previous research. When particular aspectual characteristics appear in the first clause, the disappearance of different tense interpretations are not the result of ‘-eoss-’ omission, but rather a phenomenon this study refers to as tense neutralization, that is, the disappearance of tense distinction in certain environments.

참고자료

· 없음