论汉韩身体词的词义扩展 -以汉语“眼”和韩语“눈”为例- (Lexical Expansion in Chinese and Korean Body Words -Focusing on Chinese ‘眼’ and Korean ‘눈’-)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국중어중문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 중어중문학 / 60호 / 347 ~ 368페이지
· 저자명 : Songtao Han

초록

一词多义是各种语言中普遍存在的现象。词汇的义项大体可以分为基本的、常用的“基本义”，和在此基础上加以扩展形成的“引申义”。而在词义的扩展过程中，转喻和隐喻是极其重要的手段。汉韩语言中，身体词的词义扩展也不例外。
汉语的“眼”和韩语的“눈”从表示人视觉器官的基本义，通过转喻和隐喻的手段可以扩展出表示其他具体概念和抽象概念的引申义。二者虽然基本义相同，但在词义扩展过程中，方法和途径却不完全相同，因此二者的引申义也不能完全对应。
本文以汉语“眼”和韩语“눈”为研究对象，以词典释义为依据，以对比语言学和认知语言学为理论背景，分别分析二者从表示视觉器官的基本义进行词义扩展的情况。分析结果表明，“眼”和“눈”的基本义虽然相同，扩展方向也相同，但扩展后所表达的具体内容却不完全相同。这是因为在二者的词义扩展过程中，除了受到语言内部因素的影响外，还要受到语言外部因素的影响，即人类社会、历史、文化等因素的影响。因为中韩两国的社会文化背景不同，人们之间的认知思维也不相同，因此在“眼”和“눈”的词义扩展过程中出现了诸多的不同点。

영어초록

Polysemy is a common linguistic phenomenon in every single language. For example, meanings of a word can be fundamental and regular, and these meanings can further expanded to other extended ones. Both metonymy and metaphor are crucial methods in such expansion. In Chinese and Korean, the lexical expansions of words used in body expressions undergo the same way.
The Chinese ‘眼’ and Korean ‘눈’ fundamentally represent human visual organ and this sense can be developed to other extended meanings via metonymy and metaphor, which are usually specific and abstract. The basis meanings of these two characters are similar. However, their meanings are developed in distinct ways. As a result, their extended meanings are not completely corresponding to each other.

In this essay, meanings from dictionaries and comparative and cognitive linguistics applied as background theories are used to analyze the lexical expansion of Chinese ‘眼’ and Korean ‘눈’. The result shows that, the extended meanings are entirely different even both characters share the same fundamental meanings and expanding direction. This is because the expansion is not only influenced by internal linguistic factors, but also by external factors including human society, history, culture and etc. In addition, the cultural differences of two societies has differed individual’s cognitive thinking, which therefore results in distinctive points in such expansion.

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