朝鮮後期 肅宗代 國法체계와 『典錄通考』의 편찬 (The National Law System in King Sukjong’s age, of the latter half period of the Joseon dynasty, and the Compilation of Jeonrok Tonggo(典錄通考))

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원
· 수록지 정보 : 규장각 / 32호 / 63 ~ 107페이지
· 저자명 : 김백철

초록

조선후기에는 약 1세기간 대규모 법제 정비사업이 지속되었다. 숙종대에는 누적된 법제 상호간 위상과 법적용이 주요한 문제가 인식되었다. 결국 두 차례에 걸친 법전 편찬을 통해서 나름대로 국법체계를 정립해 나갈 수 있었다. 1차 사업은 현행법을 법제에 편입시키고자 하는 작업으로서 《수교집록》의 편찬으로 나타났다. 2차 사업은 조선의 국법체계를 전면적으로 재확립하는 차원에서 《전록통고》의 간행으로 귀결되었다. 그래서 《전록통고》에는 조선의 근간이 되는 법전인 《경국대전》을 중심으로 《대전속록》,《대전후속록》,《수교집록》등이 집대성되어, 당대 법체계가 정연하게 제시되었다.
《전록통고》는 숙종대 법제정비사업의 최종 결실이며, 수십년간의 노력 끝에 탄생한 결과물이었다. 《전록통고》의 완성으로 이제 영조의 《속대전》, 정조의 《대전통편》등 탕평군주들은 각기 時王의 법전편찬에 눈을 돌리고 이를 통한 통치체제 확립에 적극 활용하는 단서가 마련되었다. 숙종․영조․정조 등 三王의 종합법전 편찬사업은 이로써 그 첫 단초가 열리면서 약 1세기간 지속되었으며, 조선의 제도와 문물은 법치에 기반한다는 원칙이 다시금 재확립될 수 있었다.

영어초록

In the latter half period of the Joseon dynasty, large-scale projects of modifying and supplementing the national law system continued for over a century. During the reign of King Sukjong, the task of determining a hierarchy structure among the many law codes that had been accumulated for a long time, and finding a way to apply all those codes to real-life situations appropriately, were considered as most important and primary ones to be dealt with, above all else.
So, in two separate occasions, the national laws were newly compiled, and in both occasions such efforts resulted in a newly modified national law system. The first project primarily dealt with the task of integrating relatively new law codes(that were already put in effect at the time) into the existing national law system, and the efforts resulted in the compilation and publication of Sugyo Jibrok(受敎輯錄). After that, a second project was launched intending to restructure and reestablish the national law system of the Joseon dynasty. This time the efforts resulted in the compilation and publication of Jeonrok Tonggo. Inside this Jeonrok Tonggo, not only Gyeongguk Daejeon(經國大典), the mother of all laws of the Josoen dynasty, but also other law systems such as Daejeon Sokrok(大典續錄), Daejeon Hu-Sokrok(大典後續錄), Sugyo Jibrok were all newly realigned and gathered together. As a result, the new national law system of Joseon, which reflected the reality of the Joseon society at the time, was completed.
Jeonrok Tonggo was the final achievement of the law-modification efforts that had continued for decades during King Sukjong's reign. Inspired by this completion of Jeonrok Tonggo, the following Kings Yeongjo and Jeongjo, who supported the Tangpyeong objective, displayed similar efforts themselves through compiling Sok Daejeon(續大典) and Daejeon Tongpyeon(大典通編). Their efforts clearly showed that they were fairly interested in former Kings(時王)' efforts of compiling the national law, and also that they were intending to utilize such modified Law compilations in their efforts of reinforcing their ruling of the country in general. The efforts to create new law compilations, exhibited by Kings Sukjong, Yeongjo and Jeongjo, continued for over a century, and in the process the principle that 'Joseon's administration and culture should always be based upon the law' was indeed strongly reestablished.

참고자료

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