조선 『璿源錄』에 기재된 宗親의 통혼 양태와 그 의미 (The Marriages of Royal Descendents of the JeonJu Lee clan(全州 李氏) Documented in Seonwonrok(璿源錄) - the Royal Genealogy of the Choson Dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국고문서학회
· 수록지 정보 : 古文書硏究 / 52권 / 31 ~ 56페이지
· 저자명 : 박정재

초록

『선원록』은 왕실의 후손을 광범위 하게 기재한 계보 자료로, 종성의 경우에는 9대손, 이성의 경우에는 6대손까지 기록하였다. 본고에서는 이 중에서 국왕의 종성 후손으로 종친직을 수직 받은 인원들의 혼인을 집중적으로 분석하였다. 이는 종친들이 타 후손들과는 달리 법적으로 종친직의 수직을 보장 받고 조반에 참여하는 등 상대적으로 특별한 대우를 받고 있었기 때문이다. 단, 『경국대전』 성립 이 후에 종친들중에 가장 높은 비율을 차지하는 세종과 성종의 후손으로 분석 대상을 선정하였다. 그 결과 종친의 혼인은 대수별로 상이한 양상을 드러내는 것으로 파악되었다. 즉, 2대손과 3대손 종친은 상대적으로 동일한 신분 내의 혼인인 동색혼에서 자유로웠다. 4대손 종친도 종친이라는 지위로 인하여 동색혼에서 벗어난 사례가 대다수였지만, 일부 종친은 누적된 신분상 하자로 인하여 동색혼의 관습의 영향을 받았다. 이러한 상황은 2대손과 3대손의 종친이 4대손 종친과는 달리 종친직을 자식 세대에 전승해줄 수 있었기 때문에 발생되었다. 결국, 2대손과 3대손 종친은 종친이라는 특수한 지위로 인한 혜택을 더욱 강하게 받을 수 있었고 신분제 사회였던 조선에서 예외적 존재로 자리매김할 수 있었다.

영어초록

The discrimination between children of primary wives and children of concubines(嫡庶) was deeply ingrained in the Choson dynasty. According to the Grand Codes of the dynasty(經國大典), people whose mothers were concubines(庶子) were prohibited from taking the civil service and military exam to be an officer of the court. In addition, they only could be married to females who were not children of primary wives because of the social customs(同色婚).
However, the four generations of royal descendents of the JeonJu Lee clan(全州 李氏) were exceptional cases in the society. Due to their royal lineage, they had special privileges. One such privilege is that they were granted nominal positions regardless of their mothers’ positions. Another is that they could marry anyone who they wanted because this right was guaranteed by the government branch in charge of them(宗簿寺) based on the Grand Codes.
Thanks to those privileges, they were relatively free from the social discrimination previously mentioned. In particular, their marriages represented their special position. Their marriages were documented in the Royal Genealogy of the Choson Dynasty(璿源錄).
According to the genealogy, their marriages were classified into two categories. One was marriages with noble people(士族) and the other was marriages with low class people(秩卑). Generally, the royal descendents married noble people because of their nominal position. In other words, they could have access to noble individuals regardless of their status. For example, children of concubines with slavery status(賤妾) could still marry noble people.
Some of them, however, married low class people. These women were the posterity of concubines(庶孼) and the children of miscellaneous officers(雜職). In fact, marriages with low class people showed that the privileges of the second and third generations of the royal descendents were stronger than those of the fourth generation. When the second and third generations of the royal descendents married such low people, the marriages came with the assumption of having high-ranking officers as their father-in-laws. It was a strategy used to be connected with high-ranking officers as father-in-laws. When they married noble people, it was quite hard for them to have high-ranking officers as father-in-laws. On the other hand, when the royal descendents of the fourth generation married them, they failed to have high-ranking officers as fathers-in-law. This distinction between them resulted from the fact that only sons of the second and third generations could inherit the nominal position.
In conclusion, the royal descendents deviated from the laws and social customs that discriminated against children of concubines but with that being said, the second and third generations of royal descendents enjoyed their special positions in the society more than the fourth generation.

참고자료

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