中国蔚县邨庙壁画中儒家“三祭礼”观念的转变 (The change of Confucian "three sacrifice" concept in the murals of the temple in the Yu county town of China)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국동양예술학회
· 수록지 정보 : 동양예술 / 51호 / 353 ~ 377페이지
· 저자명 : HONG JING, 이재우

초록

春秋时期，孔子依据周礼文化创立儒学，在之后的几百年里儒家学者们对于孔子儒学的认知历经分歧与融合，最终找到适合自身发展的道路，成为中国文化史上的正统思想，并影响至今。在其发展的轨迹上出现了孔子、孟子、荀子等儒家代表人物。其中较为著名的大儒荀子对于祭祀文化的解读影响最大，其内容主要是针对“周制五礼”之首的“吉礼”进行的解读，之后荀子依据“礼之三本”对中国传统祭祀主神的划分进行了修正，将之前的天神、地祇、人鬼改为祭天地、祭袓先、祭圣贤的“三祭”之礼，在庙祭文化中体现为祭天地、祭先祖、祭鬼神的三种祭祀类型。新的祭祀范围划分虽从于之前的三分之数，但从内容及背景方面却有着很大的区别。将天地祭祀合二为一，将先祖祭祀单独划分，将宗庙祭祀改为鬼神，体现出人本思想逐渐占据祭祀文化的主导地位，其中将先圣祖的神化，也是人们对庙祭文化新的需求，是从人之初始的自然崇拜到先祖崇拜的历史演化过程中祭祀范围的扩展。这种变化并非是源自历史文化发展的偶然性，而是深受巫文化的影响以及宗教“以神设教”演化的必然产物，所以，对于庙祭文化的研究来说，以人之所思、人之所需为目的祭祀内容的变化来看待祭祀文化的根源及发展史是最直观的方式，本文以中国蔚县邨庙壁画内容为研究依据，就儒家“礼三本”演变而来的“祭天地、祭袓先、祭圣贤”三祭之礼，的划分来探讨中国祭祀对象的嬗变根源。

영어초록

In the spring and Autumn period, Confucius founded Confucianism according to the Zhou Li culture. In the following hundreds of years, Confucian scholars' cognition of Confucius Confucianism experienced differences and integration, and finally they found the way that suitable for the development of Chinese culture, which became the orthodox thought in the history, and it influenced up to now. During the development, Confucius, Mencius, Xunzi and other Confucian representatives appeared. Xunzi, a famous scholar, has the most influence on the interpretation of the sacrificial culture. Its content is mainly analysis the interpretation of "auspicious rites" which is on the top of the "five rites of Zhou system". Since then , Xunzi revised the division of traditional Chinese sacrificial gods according to the origin of rites. The former three sacrifices were changed into three sacrifices rites, Sacrifice to heaven and earth,ancestor and ghosts and gods. Although the new scope of sacrifice is the same as before , there are great differences in content and background. The integration of heaven and earth sacrifice, the separate division of ancestor sacrifice, the change of temple sacrifice into ghost God, reflects that the human-oriented thought gradually occupies the dominant position of the sacrificial culture. It is a new demand of people for temple sacrifice culture that deification of the first saint ancestor. Also it is the expansion of the scope of sacrifice from the initial natural worship to the worship of ancestors. This change is not accidental . it changed because of the inevitable product of the influence of witch culture, and the evolution of religion "to set up religion by God".Therefore,the most intuitive way is to view the origin and development history of sacrificial culture in terms of the change of sacrifice content for the purpose of human thought and human needs. This paper takes the temple wall of Yu county town as the research basis, to analysis the origin of the evolution of the objects of sacrifice in China by dividing the three rites of "sacrificing heaven and earth, sacrificing the ancestor and sacrificing the sages" from the evolution of the Confucian "three rites".

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