마태복음 1:23의 ‘동정녀’와 ‘처녀’라는 용어의 유래에 대하여 (Where Does the Korean Term Dong-Jeung-Nyeo (동정녀) or Cheo-Nyeo (처녀) in Matthew 1:23 Come From?)

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초록

The Biblical Greek parthenos (παρθένος) in Matthew 1:23 is rendered as either Dong-Jeung-Nyeo (동정녀) or Cheo-Nyeo (처녀) in Korean Bible translations like the Older Version (1906, 『구역 신약』), the Revised Version (1938, 『셩경개역』), and the Common Translation (1977, 『공동』), and etc. The two Korean words mean virgin or maiden. As we know, Matthew 1:23 in the Greek New Testament quotes LXX Isaiah 7:14, which has the Hebrew term almah (המלע), presumably referring to a young woman.
The Korean term Cheo-Nyeo (처녀) seems to come from the Old Chinese Marshman and Lassar’s Version (1822), which is followed by later Chinese versions of the Bible including Delegates’ (1852) and Bridgman and Culbertson’s (1863) versions. But most of the Chinese versions read the Greek word as 童女, even though the Contemporary Chinese Bible (『当代译本』) issued in 2011 has the word 童贞女 in Isaiah 7:14 and Matthew 1:23.
In contrast, Japanese Bibles have words like 處女 and 乙女 in Matthew 1:23. Both words are pronounced O-to-me (おとめ) nowadays. The Japanese Colloquial Version (1955) and the New Common Translation (1987) do not use Chinese characters but Japanese Hiragana script in the translated text. Interestingly enough, only the Japanese New Testament (1911) translated by the Dutch missionary Emile Raquet reads the Greek parthenos as 童貞女.
The Common Prayer of the Church of England translated into Chinese by J. S. Burdon entitled 『教會禱文』(1872) has the word 童貞女 (동정녀) in a section of the Apostles’ Creed. In addition, the Anglican Church in Korea issued a book called 『죠만민광』(照萬民光) in 1894. The latter book, a translation of the Anglican Church’s shortened New Testament, Lumen Ad Revelationem Gentium (A Light To Lighten The Gentiles) also has 동정녀 (童貞女) within the creed mentioned above.
We can therefore assume that the Korean term 동정녀 (童貞女) might have come from the Chinese 『教會禱文』(1872) or the Korean 『죠만민광』 (1894) in that its use has begun to appear in the New Testament (1906) of the Korean Older Version among the Korean Versions of the Bible.

영어초록

The Biblical Greek parthenos (παρθένος) in Matthew 1:23 is rendered as either Dong-Jeung-Nyeo (동정녀) or Cheo-Nyeo (처녀) in Korean Bible translations like the Older Version (1906, 『구역 신약』), the Revised Version (1938, 『셩경개역』), and the Common Translation (1977, 『공동』), and etc. The two Korean words mean virgin or maiden. As we know, Matthew 1:23 in the Greek New Testament quotes LXX Isaiah 7:14, which has the Hebrew term almah (המלע), presumably referring to a young woman.
The Korean term Cheo-Nyeo (처녀) seems to come from the Old Chinese Marshman and Lassar’s Version (1822), which is followed by later Chinese versions of the Bible including Delegates’ (1852) and Bridgman and Culbertson’s (1863) versions. But most of the Chinese versions read the Greek word as 童女, even though the Contemporary Chinese Bible (『当代译本』) issued in 2011 has the word 童贞女 in Isaiah 7:14 and Matthew 1:23.
In contrast, Japanese Bibles have words like 處女 and 乙女 in Matthew 1:23. Both words are pronounced O-to-me (おとめ) nowadays. The Japanese Colloquial Version (1955) and the New Common Translation (1987) do not use Chinese characters but Japanese Hiragana script in the translated text. Interestingly enough, only the Japanese New Testament (1911) translated by the Dutch missionary Emile Raquet reads the Greek parthenos as 童貞女.
The Common Prayer of the Church of England translated into Chinese by J. S. Burdon entitled 『教會禱文』(1872) has the word 童貞女 (동정녀) in a section of the Apostles’ Creed. In addition, the Anglican Church in Korea issued a book called 『죠만민광』(照萬民光) in 1894. The latter book, a translation of the Anglican Church’s shortened New Testament, Lumen Ad Revelationem Gentium (A Light To Lighten The Gentiles) also has 동정녀 (童貞女) within the creed mentioned above.
We can therefore assume that the Korean term 동정녀 (童貞女) might have come from the Chinese 『教會禱文』(1872) or the Korean 『죠만민광』 (1894) in that its use has begun to appear in the New Testament (1906) of the Korean Older Version among the Korean Versions of the Bible.

참고자료

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