에이드리언 토미네의 『단점』에 드러난 그림으로의 반복과 시각성의 정치학 (Pictorial Repetitions & the Politics of Visuality in Adrian Tomine’s Shortcomings)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 미국소설학회
· 수록지 정보 : 미국소설 / 30권 / 3호 / 119 ~ 143페이지
· 저자명 : 최윤영

초록

Presenting pictorial images in combination with written words, the graphic novel opens up a wide range of intellectual discussions in relation to the concept of visuality. By close reading the repetitive pictorial images in Adrian Tomine’s graphic novel, Shortcomings, this essay examines one of the central questions posed in the field of visual studies: namely, the tangled relationship between the gazing subject and the object of its gaze and the networks of meaning produced through this relationship. The essay applies the concept of visuality as a socio-cultural construct to explore how the mainstream American society persistently produces and reinforces stereotypical images of racial, gender, and/or sexual minorities through repetitive visual representations. In Shortcomings, Tomine situates his characters within the frame of different pictorial images, and, thereby, exposes how they can be subjected to social and/or cultural stereotyping. At the same time, the author places his characters outside the picture frames in the position of the gazer where they become active or unconscious accomplices to the making and reinforcing of those stereotypes. As Will Eisner pointed out, graphic narrative artists are always at risk of presenting their subjects in negative or reductive stereotypes that have historically composed the visual discourse on the minorities within societies. However, by deliberately presenting the pictorial repetitions of these negative or reductive stereotypes in his text, Tomine exposes how the politics of visuality operate against the racial, gender and/or sexual minorities in contemporary American society, while urging each individual reader to make every effort to read the invisible through the visible.

영어초록

Presenting pictorial images in combination with written words, the graphic novel opens up a wide range of intellectual discussions in relation to the concept of visuality. By close reading the repetitive pictorial images in Adrian Tomine’s graphic novel, Shortcomings, this essay examines one of the central questions posed in the field of visual studies: namely, the tangled relationship between the gazing subject and the object of its gaze and the networks of meaning produced through this relationship. The essay applies the concept of visuality as a socio-cultural construct to explore how the mainstream American society persistently produces and reinforces stereotypical images of racial, gender, and/or sexual minorities through repetitive visual representations. In Shortcomings, Tomine situates his characters within the frame of different pictorial images, and, thereby, exposes how they can be subjected to social and/or cultural stereotyping. At the same time, the author places his characters outside the picture frames in the position of the gazer where they become active or unconscious accomplices to the making and reinforcing of those stereotypes. As Will Eisner pointed out, graphic narrative artists are always at risk of presenting their subjects in negative or reductive stereotypes that have historically composed the visual discourse on the minorities within societies. However, by deliberately presenting the pictorial repetitions of these negative or reductive stereotypes in his text, Tomine exposes how the politics of visuality operate against the racial, gender and/or sexual minorities in contemporary American society, while urging each individual reader to make every effort to read the invisible through the visible.

참고자료

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