吳武壯公祠의 유래와 韓國社會에서의 位相 (The Origin of the Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine and Its Status in the Korean Society)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국중국학회
· 수록지 정보 : 중국학보 / 74호 / 425 ~ 450페이지
· 저자명 : 김희신

초록

The purposes of this study were to explore the history of the Wuwuzhuanggong (吳武壯公) Shrine from its foundation to the present, and to examine factors influencing the status of the shrine in the Korean society and the trends of change in the status.
Joseon king Gojong founded the Jeongmu Shrine in Hanseong in 1885 to the memory of Qing admiral Wuchangqing (吳長慶) who made a great contribution to the suppression of the Korean soldiers’ riot in 1882. The memorial service of the Jeongmu Shrine (靖武祠), which was a symbol of toadyism to China, was abolished in 1908 in the middle of national crisis. The right of management was transferred to the Consulate General of Qing in Korea in 1909, and the shrine was rebuilt into the Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine, and the Consulate General became the agent of the memorial service. Now there was no meaning of toadyism any more, but its edificatory meaning and function of extolling and propagandizing the great Chinese commander’s meritorious service in Joseon were rather reinforced. On the other hand, the movement for excluding Chinese residents in Korea was intensified in the Korean society during the 1930s, and the outbreak of the Sino‐Japanese War shook heavily the Chinese society in Korea and this increased the need of cohesion of Chinese residents in Korea. Thus, Lingengyu (林耕宇), the Consul General of Qing in Gyeongseong enshrined the memorial tablets of Chinese ancestors who had died in Korea together. With this, the Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine began to function as the core for the unity of the Chinese society in Korea along with its edificatory function.
In the Korean society in the 1960s after the Liberation, it was controversial whether to preserve symbols related to foreign powers, and the Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine was no exception. The Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine was barely saved from demolition thanks to the fierce protest of the Embassy of the Republic of China, and in 1979 it was moved to a plot at Yeonhee‐dong owned by the Republic of China and settled as a permanent memorial place for Chinese ancestors in Korea. Even after the transfer of the diplomatic resources of the Republic of China to China with the establishment of formal diplomatic relation between Korea and China in 1992, Chinese residents in Korea performed memorial services every year in the Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine with identity as cultural Chinese beyond the boundary of government and state. Now, to the image of Wuchangqing as a great China commander was added the image of the founder of the Chinese society in Korea. Of course, the significance of Wuchangqing as a great commander who made meritorious services in Joseon has not disappeared completely, and it is believed to be preserved in a more immanent dimension.
In this way, the Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine reflects social order changing through history. From the foundation of the Jeongmu Shrine in the late Joseon Dynasty to the present Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine, there have been changes in the way of interpreting the symbolic meaning of the shrine caused by historical and political situations. The interpretation of a symbol is changed over time, and the meaning that actors attach to the symbol swings along with historical contexts. The symbolic meaning given to the Jeongmu Shrine is clearly distinguished from that to the Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine. Although both have the same symbolic object of veneration, moreover, the meaning of the symbol was clearly different between when the symbol was relatively compatible with social order and when it was not.
The present Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine is not regarded as a symbol of toadyism to China any longer. Originally the Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine was a shrine to the memory of Wuchangqing, the great Chinese commander but, on the other hand, it is also perceived as a historical and cultural space of Chinese residents in Korea rooted desperately in the Korean society through a long history. The history and current ritual events of the Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine give us a glimpse to the past, present and future of Chinese residents in Korea who have long repeated rise and fall in the Korean society.

영어초록

The purposes of this study were to explore the history of the Wuwuzhuanggong (吳武壯公) Shrine from its foundation to the present, and to examine factors influencing the status of the shrine in the Korean society and the trends of change in the status.
Joseon king Gojong founded the Jeongmu Shrine in Hanseong in 1885 to the memory of Qing admiral Wuchangqing (吳長慶) who made a great contribution to the suppression of the Korean soldiers’ riot in 1882. The memorial service of the Jeongmu Shrine (靖武祠), which was a symbol of toadyism to China, was abolished in 1908 in the middle of national crisis. The right of management was transferred to the Consulate General of Qing in Korea in 1909, and the shrine was rebuilt into the Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine, and the Consulate General became the agent of the memorial service. Now there was no meaning of toadyism any more, but its edificatory meaning and function of extolling and propagandizing the great Chinese commander’s meritorious service in Joseon were rather reinforced. On the other hand, the movement for excluding Chinese residents in Korea was intensified in the Korean society during the 1930s, and the outbreak of the Sino‐Japanese War shook heavily the Chinese society in Korea and this increased the need of cohesion of Chinese residents in Korea. Thus, Lingengyu (林耕宇), the Consul General of Qing in Gyeongseong enshrined the memorial tablets of Chinese ancestors who had died in Korea together. With this, the Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine began to function as the core for the unity of the Chinese society in Korea along with its edificatory function.
In the Korean society in the 1960s after the Liberation, it was controversial whether to preserve symbols related to foreign powers, and the Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine was no exception. The Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine was barely saved from demolition thanks to the fierce protest of the Embassy of the Republic of China, and in 1979 it was moved to a plot at Yeonhee‐dong owned by the Republic of China and settled as a permanent memorial place for Chinese ancestors in Korea. Even after the transfer of the diplomatic resources of the Republic of China to China with the establishment of formal diplomatic relation between Korea and China in 1992, Chinese residents in Korea performed memorial services every year in the Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine with identity as cultural Chinese beyond the boundary of government and state. Now, to the image of Wuchangqing as a great China commander was added the image of the founder of the Chinese society in Korea. Of course, the significance of Wuchangqing as a great commander who made meritorious services in Joseon has not disappeared completely, and it is believed to be preserved in a more immanent dimension.
In this way, the Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine reflects social order changing through history. From the foundation of the Jeongmu Shrine in the late Joseon Dynasty to the present Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine, there have been changes in the way of interpreting the symbolic meaning of the shrine caused by historical and political situations. The interpretation of a symbol is changed over time, and the meaning that actors attach to the symbol swings along with historical contexts. The symbolic meaning given to the Jeongmu Shrine is clearly distinguished from that to the Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine. Although both have the same symbolic object of veneration, moreover, the meaning of the symbol was clearly different between when the symbol was relatively compatible with social order and when it was not.
The present Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine is not regarded as a symbol of toadyism to China any longer. Originally the Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine was a shrine to the memory of Wuchangqing, the great Chinese commander but, on the other hand, it is also perceived as a historical and cultural space of Chinese residents in Korea rooted desperately in the Korean society through a long history. The history and current ritual events of the Wuwuzhuanggong Shrine give us a glimpse to the past, present and future of Chinese residents in Korea who have long repeated rise and fall in the Korean society.

참고자료

· 없음