反義共現四字格成語的聲調規則研究 (A Study of the Tone Rules in Antonymy Co-occurrence of Four-character idioms)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국중국어교육학회
· 수록지 정보 : 중국어교육과 연구 / 38호 / 127 ~ 152페이지
· 저자명 : LIULIU

초록

本文反義共現四字格成語為研究對象，定量統計分析其內部構詞語素的聲調規則和平仄組合規律，並運用該規則對成語的結構形式和變調問題進行分析。結果發現，從聲調上看，成語整體上遵循“陰平、陽平、上聲、去聲”的四聲順序，AC和BD排斥同調相應，追求異調相對。從平仄特性上看，A以平聲為主，D則以仄聲為主，呈現“平起仄收”的趨勢，同時BD的平仄搭配類型中“對立型佔優勢，且以B平D仄“為主。其次，ABCD的平仄組合類型共有16種，“平平仄仄”、“仄仄平平”以及“仄平仄仄”類型分別位居前三位，是強勢平仄搭配類型，且呈現出”平仄相間“的趨勢。 受到上述的聲調規則影響和制約，反義共現四字格成語的語序不能隨意互換。最後，反義共現四字格成語中的變調問題同樣受到了平仄組合規則的影響和制約。

영어초록

With quantitative analysis, this paper investigates the rules of tone and Ping-ze combination of the constituted morphemes in antonymy co-occurrence of four-character idioms. And it further analyzes the issues of four-character idioms regarding the constituted forms and tone modification. On the one hand, from the perspective of tone modification, four-character idioms generally comply with the regulation of four tone sequence, that is, “high and level tone, rising tone, falling-rising tone, falling tone”. AC and BD discriminate against same tone agreement; instead, they favor relevance of the distinct tones. Regarding Ping-ze combination, A mostly consists of level tones, and D of oblique tones. It indicates a tendency that oblique tones wind down when level tones arise. Meanwhile, the main trait of BD combination in level and oblique tones is that most cases are antithetical to each other, B is featured level tones, while D is oblique tones. On the other, there are altogether 16 types of Ping-ze combinations. Among them, the top three are “Ping Ping Ze Ze”, “Ze Ze Ping Ping”, and “Ze Ping Ze Ze”. These dominant collocation types have the characteristic of alternation of “Ping” and “Ze”. In light of the above, it suggests that it is unlikely to exchange the word sequence within the antonymy co-occurrence four-character idioms. In conclusion, the changing tones in antonymy co-occurrence four-character idioms are subject to and constrained by Ping-ze combination rules.

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