16~17세기 ‘공역호’(貢役戶)와 호수(戶首) (‘public-serving land’ and Representatives in the 16~17th Centuries)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 역사학연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 역사연구 / 24호 / 105 ~ 122페이지
· 저자명 : 이성임

초록

This thesis has tried to declare that the standard of receiving public service of dominant tenement of regional provinces of 16~17th centuries was 8 gyeolho. According to the academic discussion up to now, 8 gyeoljakbu system proved to appear not earlier than 18~19th centuries. However, this thesis has proved that 8 gyeoljakbu system was already been practiced in regional provinces in the 16~17th centuries. Therefore, the original year of joint service would be go back to 16~17th centuries, we say. That is the large-scaled whole 8-gyeol. We now suppose that we separate it from others and call it ‘public-serving land’. Such public-serving land functioned as a basic unit of public product and services, as well as current trade. The scale of public-serving land shows the capacity of tax payment of each region. Up to now, about 40, 70 and 100 ho of provinces were considered as numerical mistakes. However, it is necessary that we should remind that those are possibly public-serving lands. The scale of public-serving lands are determined by the scale of regional farms. In case a public-serving land is 40-ho, that means the whole land is 320(40×8) gyeol, 70 is 560(70×8), and 100 is the whole 800 gyeol.
Public-serving land of 16·17th centuries are also meaningful in that it is a preceding type of joint tax payment, which became common in the later Joseon Dynasty. In other words, joint payment took trials and errors in the 16~17th centuries and was being finished in the 18~19th centuries as a system. In fact, joint payment was a very effective taxation system from the perspective of public organizations. Joint payment made high efficiency possible with low expenses. Public officers did not have to deal with people one by one. They were able to collect taxes easily by standing relatively wealthy and loyal representatives. On the other hand, the person in charge of tax payment could be somewhat vague, which was problematic. Eventually the responsibility was force to put on the representative. Therefore, the representative had to manage taxpayers of the public land, to be free from it. Representatives could not help but strive for effective tax payment. Regional officers forced and oppressed those representatives for smooth process of taxation. The ways to oppress were various; not only did they push and rush, but also trap and flog often.

영어초록

This thesis has tried to declare that the standard of receiving public service of dominant tenement of regional provinces of 16~17th centuries was 8 gyeolho. According to the academic discussion up to now, 8 gyeoljakbu system proved to appear not earlier than 18~19th centuries. However, this thesis has proved that 8 gyeoljakbu system was already been practiced in regional provinces in the 16~17th centuries. Therefore, the original year of joint service would be go back to 16~17th centuries, we say. That is the large-scaled whole 8-gyeol. We now suppose that we separate it from others and call it ‘public-serving land’. Such public-serving land functioned as a basic unit of public product and services, as well as current trade. The scale of public-serving land shows the capacity of tax payment of each region. Up to now, about 40, 70 and 100 ho of provinces were considered as numerical mistakes. However, it is necessary that we should remind that those are possibly public-serving lands. The scale of public-serving lands are determined by the scale of regional farms. In case a public-serving land is 40-ho, that means the whole land is 320(40×8) gyeol, 70 is 560(70×8), and 100 is the whole 800 gyeol.
Public-serving land of 16·17th centuries are also meaningful in that it is a preceding type of joint tax payment, which became common in the later Joseon Dynasty. In other words, joint payment took trials and errors in the 16~17th centuries and was being finished in the 18~19th centuries as a system. In fact, joint payment was a very effective taxation system from the perspective of public organizations. Joint payment made high efficiency possible with low expenses. Public officers did not have to deal with people one by one. They were able to collect taxes easily by standing relatively wealthy and loyal representatives. On the other hand, the person in charge of tax payment could be somewhat vague, which was problematic. Eventually the responsibility was force to put on the representative. Therefore, the representative had to manage taxpayers of the public land, to be free from it. Representatives could not help but strive for effective tax payment. Regional officers forced and oppressed those representatives for smooth process of taxation. The ways to oppress were various; not only did they push and rush, but also trap and flog often.

참고자료

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