녹색기후기금, 협조적 게임이론, 그리고 기독교대학의 지속가능발전교육에 관한 연구 (The Green Climate Fund, Cooperative Games, and Christian Higher Education for Sustainable Development)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 연세대학교 한국기독교문화연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 신학논단 / 73권 / 101 ~ 130페이지
· 저자명 : 손문

초록

The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is a financial mechanism established by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to assist developing countries in coping with climate change. The main goal of this study is to suggest principles of Christian higher education for sustainable development based on the mechanism of the GCF, the principle of allocation in cooperative game theory, and cooperation as the third principle of evolutionary change. At the 2012 Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC, the GCF Board selected Songdo, Incheon, in the Republic of Korea, as the host of the GCF. Through this financial system, developed nations such as the United States and European countries pledged to mobilize $ 100 billion per year by 2020 to address the needs of developing countries in responding to climate change. The annual financing of the GCF is roughly equivalent to the entire cost of the 4-year Marshall Plan, the U.S. program to rebuild the European economy after World War II. This study focuses on identifying which methods of aid delivery are most effective. A number of economists have expressed skepticism about the effectiveness of top-down method and large-scale aid efforts have a bias in favor of traditional notions of aid delivery. Therefore, this study attempts to explore methods of aid delivery that can help increase the effectiveness of aid and avoid the problem of bias regarding delivery methods. In order to design a GCF mechanism that controls the allocation of resources between developed and developing countries, I apply the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design as developed by Alvin Roth and Lloyd Shapley, 2012 Nobel economics laureates. Roth and Shapley’s cooperative game theory focuses on the issue of matching that modern people encounter in everyday life. Their theories contribute to market designs that can fix market failures. For example, their research provides general considerations regarding market successes and failures in senior medical labor markets, for school choice in New York and Boston, and for the allocation of live-donor kidneys for transplantation. As such, Roth and Shapley’s cooperative game theory suggests a number of goals that markets and allocation systems need to accomplish to perform well. Given that the sensitive divisions between developed and developing countries remain a major obstacle to structuring the GCF, the cooperative game theory will be helpful in designing the GCF in such a way that developing countries can ensure that it receives adequate resources from donor countries and that developing countries control the allocation of those resources. As the third main theme of this research, I focus on the concept of cooperation from the perspective of natural theology. Recently, Sarah Coakley, a distinguished professor at Cambridge University, delivered the 2012 Gifford lecture at Aberdeen University, Scotland, with the title, “Cooperative, alias altruism: Game theory and evolution reconsidered.” In this lecture, Coakley focused on the evolution of cooperation in human act of sacrifice. Applying Harvard biologist and mathematician Martin Nowak’s theory, she sought to uncover the human trait of intentionality in cooperative acts. Nowark, using mathematical accounts of evolutionary processes, argues that cooperation, alongside mutation and selection, is vital for the ongoing productivity of evolutionary change. In other words, Nowark proposes cooperation as the third principle of evolution. I think that the GCF mechanism, the principle of allocation in cooperative game theory, and cooperation as the third principle of evolutionary change can produce valuable insights regarding the principles of Christian higher education for sustainable development.

영어초록

The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is a financial mechanism established by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to assist developing countries in coping with climate change. The main goal of this study is to suggest principles of Christian higher education for sustainable development based on the mechanism of the GCF, the principle of allocation in cooperative game theory, and cooperation as the third principle of evolutionary change. At the 2012 Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC, the GCF Board selected Songdo, Incheon, in the Republic of Korea, as the host of the GCF. Through this financial system, developed nations such as the United States and European countries pledged to mobilize $ 100 billion per year by 2020 to address the needs of developing countries in responding to climate change. The annual financing of the GCF is roughly equivalent to the entire cost of the 4-year Marshall Plan, the U.S. program to rebuild the European economy after World War II. This study focuses on identifying which methods of aid delivery are most effective. A number of economists have expressed skepticism about the effectiveness of top-down method and large-scale aid efforts have a bias in favor of traditional notions of aid delivery. Therefore, this study attempts to explore methods of aid delivery that can help increase the effectiveness of aid and avoid the problem of bias regarding delivery methods. In order to design a GCF mechanism that controls the allocation of resources between developed and developing countries, I apply the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design as developed by Alvin Roth and Lloyd Shapley, 2012 Nobel economics laureates. Roth and Shapley’s cooperative game theory focuses on the issue of matching that modern people encounter in everyday life. Their theories contribute to market designs that can fix market failures. For example, their research provides general considerations regarding market successes and failures in senior medical labor markets, for school choice in New York and Boston, and for the allocation of live-donor kidneys for transplantation. As such, Roth and Shapley’s cooperative game theory suggests a number of goals that markets and allocation systems need to accomplish to perform well. Given that the sensitive divisions between developed and developing countries remain a major obstacle to structuring the GCF, the cooperative game theory will be helpful in designing the GCF in such a way that developing countries can ensure that it receives adequate resources from donor countries and that developing countries control the allocation of those resources. As the third main theme of this research, I focus on the concept of cooperation from the perspective of natural theology. Recently, Sarah Coakley, a distinguished professor at Cambridge University, delivered the 2012 Gifford lecture at Aberdeen University, Scotland, with the title, “Cooperative, alias altruism: Game theory and evolution reconsidered.” In this lecture, Coakley focused on the evolution of cooperation in human act of sacrifice. Applying Harvard biologist and mathematician Martin Nowak’s theory, she sought to uncover the human trait of intentionality in cooperative acts. Nowark, using mathematical accounts of evolutionary processes, argues that cooperation, alongside mutation and selection, is vital for the ongoing productivity of evolutionary change. In other words, Nowark proposes cooperation as the third principle of evolution. I think that the GCF mechanism, the principle of allocation in cooperative game theory, and cooperation as the third principle of evolutionary change can produce valuable insights regarding the principles of Christian higher education for sustainable development.

참고자료

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