부양학파, 한국 전통 의학 학술 유파의 탄생과 전승: 이규준, 서병오, 이원세 그리고 소문학회 (Birth and Succession of A Current of Learning in Korean Medicine: The Supporting Yang Current of Learning)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 대한의사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 의사학 / 23권 / 1호 / 57 ~ 98페이지
· 저자명 : 오재근

초록

In this study, I aim to reveal how Lee Gyoojoon (李圭晙)’s medicine hasgiven birth to a current of learning, the supporting yang current of learning(扶陽學派), and describe its historical significance.
Before anything, I’d like to throw the question of whether if there were any currents within the traditional Korean medicine. There are no records of medical currents being widely discussed until now in medical historyof Korea; however, the current of Lee Jema (李濟馬)’s sasang medicine(四象醫學派) is the most noticeable one. Among the contemporaries of Lee Jema, during the late Chosun (朝鮮), there was also another famed medical practitioner called Lee Gyoojoon. Lee Gyoojoon mainly practiced his medicine within Pohang (浦項), Gyeongsangbuk-do area, his apprentices have formed a group and have succeeded his medical practice. Based on the analyses of Lee Gyoojoon’s apprentices and the Somun Oriental Medical Society (素問學會), which is known as a successor group to Lee Gyoojoon’s medicine today, they are fully satisfying the five requirements to establish a medical current: first, they held Lee Gyoojoon as the first and foremost, representative practitioner of their current; second, they advocate the supporting yang theory (扶陽論) suggested by Lee Gyoojoon,which is originated from his theory of Mind (心學); third, books such as the Major Essentials of Huangdi’s Internal Classic Plain Questions (素問大要),and the Double Grinded Medical Mirror (醫鑑重磨), were being used as themain textbooks to educate their students or to practice medicine. Fourth, LeeGyoojoon’s medical ideas were being transcended quite clearly within his group of apprentices, including Seo Byungoh (徐丙五), Lee Wonse (李元世), and the Somun Oriental Medical Society. Fifth, Lee Gyoojoon’s apprentices were first produced through the Sukgok School (石谷書堂), however, nowadays theyare being produced through medical groups formed by Lee Wonse, the SomunOriental Medical Society, regarding the propagation of medical theories,compilation of textbooks, publication of academic journals, etc.
Then, what do the existence of the supporting yang current have their significances in history? First of all, Heo Joon (許浚), the great medical practitioner in 16th century Chosun, have revealed through his book the Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine (東醫寶鑑, TMEM), that the essenceof Eastern medicine differentiated from South and North medicine of China is being transcended in Korean medicine. However, we have not got aclear conclusion on what his views of the essence of Eastern medicine is.
The TMEM is the legacy of Neo-confucianism, dominant in the Chosun at the time, and is considered the reference which covers from Taoism to Korean Medicine, that is practical as well as systematical in categorizing illnesses, their respective prescriptions, and herbs. Maybe, it seems that such characteristics of the TMEM naturally led the medical practitioners and Confucian scholars, Lee Jema and Lee Gyoojoon to adopt its principles,and furthermore, possibly contributed in materializing the tradition of Eastern Medicine. Secondly, both currents appeared in the late periodof Chosun dynasty. Then, weren’t there any preceding medical currents before them? The bureaucratic and centralized government of the Chosundynasty demanded and supplied talents through a nationwide examination system (科擧). However, since the late-16th century, a few family from the Chungin (中人) class have come to dominate the important medical positions as inheritance doctors (世醫), bringing about the expansion of the private medical sector, as well as growth in the number of medical practitioners. This naturally brought about fierce competition among the practitioners, and it is probable that the competition sparked the need for standardized groups and societies that follow a single medical doctrine or theory, to differentiate from the others. Probably, the birth of current of learning, which succeeded to Lee Jema and Lee Gyoojoon’s medical theory, exists as an extension of this social background.
The major changes in systems to build a new Chosun in 1894 brought about the abolitions of old and antique institutions. Inheritance doctors naturally collapsed, and every medical practitioners had to compete inan open market. However, Lee Jema and Lee Gyoojoon, as a medical practitioner and Confucian scholar, weren’t from medical families;instead, they have successfully established and led their medical groups.
The Sasang medicine current, which first began in the Hamhung (咸興) area, had creative medical theories and excellent practices, naturally led the discourses traditional medicine in the center areas of the Korean peninsula. In contrast, the supporting yang current, more popular in theYoungnam (嶺南) area at one time, struggled to keep their current duringthe period of Korean War, National Industrialization and Modernization.
And it was only Lee Wonse’s personal dedication to the current that madeit survive through the times. It was not until the late 1990s, when the apprentices have gathered Lee Gyoojoon’s accomplishments, that formed the Somun Oriental Medical Society as well as the supporting yang current.
In summary, the birth and the succession of the supporting yang current clearly depicts how the various traditional medical groups and societies on the periphery have survived and transcended through difficult times. Andat the same time, they can provide chance to ruminate the historical flow of traditional medicine in Korea.

영어초록

In this study, I aim to reveal how Lee Gyoojoon (李圭晙)’s medicine hasgiven birth to a current of learning, the supporting yang current of learning(扶陽學派), and describe its historical significance.
Before anything, I’d like to throw the question of whether if there were any currents within the traditional Korean medicine. There are no records of medical currents being widely discussed until now in medical historyof Korea; however, the current of Lee Jema (李濟馬)’s sasang medicine(四象醫學派) is the most noticeable one. Among the contemporaries of Lee Jema, during the late Chosun (朝鮮), there was also another famed medical practitioner called Lee Gyoojoon. Lee Gyoojoon mainly practiced his medicine within Pohang (浦項), Gyeongsangbuk-do area, his apprentices have formed a group and have succeeded his medical practice. Based on the analyses of Lee Gyoojoon’s apprentices and the Somun Oriental Medical Society (素問學會), which is known as a successor group to Lee Gyoojoon’s medicine today, they are fully satisfying the five requirements to establish a medical current: first, they held Lee Gyoojoon as the first and foremost, representative practitioner of their current; second, they advocate the supporting yang theory (扶陽論) suggested by Lee Gyoojoon,which is originated from his theory of Mind (心學); third, books such as the Major Essentials of Huangdi’s Internal Classic Plain Questions (素問大要),and the Double Grinded Medical Mirror (醫鑑重磨), were being used as themain textbooks to educate their students or to practice medicine. Fourth, LeeGyoojoon’s medical ideas were being transcended quite clearly within his group of apprentices, including Seo Byungoh (徐丙五), Lee Wonse (李元世), and the Somun Oriental Medical Society. Fifth, Lee Gyoojoon’s apprentices were first produced through the Sukgok School (石谷書堂), however, nowadays theyare being produced through medical groups formed by Lee Wonse, the SomunOriental Medical Society, regarding the propagation of medical theories,compilation of textbooks, publication of academic journals, etc.
Then, what do the existence of the supporting yang current have their significances in history? First of all, Heo Joon (許浚), the great medical practitioner in 16th century Chosun, have revealed through his book the Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine (東醫寶鑑, TMEM), that the essenceof Eastern medicine differentiated from South and North medicine of China is being transcended in Korean medicine. However, we have not got aclear conclusion on what his views of the essence of Eastern medicine is.
The TMEM is the legacy of Neo-confucianism, dominant in the Chosun at the time, and is considered the reference which covers from Taoism to Korean Medicine, that is practical as well as systematical in categorizing illnesses, their respective prescriptions, and herbs. Maybe, it seems that such characteristics of the TMEM naturally led the medical practitioners and Confucian scholars, Lee Jema and Lee Gyoojoon to adopt its principles,and furthermore, possibly contributed in materializing the tradition of Eastern Medicine. Secondly, both currents appeared in the late periodof Chosun dynasty. Then, weren’t there any preceding medical currents before them? The bureaucratic and centralized government of the Chosundynasty demanded and supplied talents through a nationwide examination system (科擧). However, since the late-16th century, a few family from the Chungin (中人) class have come to dominate the important medical positions as inheritance doctors (世醫), bringing about the expansion of the private medical sector, as well as growth in the number of medical practitioners. This naturally brought about fierce competition among the practitioners, and it is probable that the competition sparked the need for standardized groups and societies that follow a single medical doctrine or theory, to differentiate from the others. Probably, the birth of current of learning, which succeeded to Lee Jema and Lee Gyoojoon’s medical theory, exists as an extension of this social background.
The major changes in systems to build a new Chosun in 1894 brought about the abolitions of old and antique institutions. Inheritance doctors naturally collapsed, and every medical practitioners had to compete inan open market. However, Lee Jema and Lee Gyoojoon, as a medical practitioner and Confucian scholar, weren’t from medical families;instead, they have successfully established and led their medical groups.
The Sasang medicine current, which first began in the Hamhung (咸興) area, had creative medical theories and excellent practices, naturally led the discourses traditional medicine in the center areas of the Korean peninsula. In contrast, the supporting yang current, more popular in theYoungnam (嶺南) area at one time, struggled to keep their current duringthe period of Korean War, National Industrialization and Modernization.
And it was only Lee Wonse’s personal dedication to the current that madeit survive through the times. It was not until the late 1990s, when the apprentices have gathered Lee Gyoojoon’s accomplishments, that formed the Somun Oriental Medical Society as well as the supporting yang current.
In summary, the birth and the succession of the supporting yang current clearly depicts how the various traditional medical groups and societies on the periphery have survived and transcended through difficult times. Andat the same time, they can provide chance to ruminate the historical flow of traditional medicine in Korea.

참고자료

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