국제 거래시 전자적 의사표시의 효력에 관한 연구 (A Study on Legal Effect of Electronic Communications in International Contracts)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국무역상무학회
· 수록지 정보 : 무역상무연구 / 100권 / 257 ~ 282페이지
· 저자명 : 민주희

초록

전자상거래가 확대되는 상황에서 전자적 의사표시의 법적 효력을 고찰하는 것은 계약당사자들에게 준거법 선택과 원활한 계약체결 및 그 이행을 위해 유용한 연구가 된다. CUECIC와 전자문서법은 형식적 요건을 갖춘 전자적 의사표시의 법적 효력을 부인하지 않으나 전자적 의사표시의 하자에 대한 법적 효력은 관련 국내법에 따라 판단하여야 한다. 착오와 사기로 인한 전자적 의사표시에 관하여 민법에서는 전자적 의사표시를 행한 표의자를 중심으로 취소할 수 있는 의사표시인지를 판단하고, 영국법은 착오 법리와 사기·과실·선의의 부실표시에 해당하는 부실표시 법리에 따라 계약취소 또는 손해배상이 가능한지 고려하고, DCFR에서는 전자적 의사표시와 계약체결의 인과관계 성립을 기초로 계약취소가 가능한 것인지를 판단한다.

영어초록

This study examines the legal effect of electronic communications in international contracts. Under CUECIC, electronic communications which requirements are met by governing law shall not be denied validity or enforceability. But since CUECIC was not concerned with substantive issues such as errors or mistake, matters such as effect of electronic communications are dealt with by domestic laws.
As to intention under mistake and fraud, under Korea Civil Code, a electronic declaration of intention may be voidable if it is made under a mistake in regard to any essential elements, and a electronic declaration of intention made by fraud may be voidable based on causation between the formation of contract and fraud.
In English law, when the common mistake is as to the subject matter,the electronic contract may render the contract void. Unilateral mistake makes the contract void when the misrepresentation is material. But under Misrepresentation Act 1967, the court has power to declare the electronic contract subsisting, and to award damages in lieu of rescission if the representation is unimportant, A fraudulent misrepresentation is entitled to rescission and damages if it induced to conclude the electronic contract.
Under II. 7:201 of DCFR, an electronic contract may be rescinded if the mistake is such that but for the mistake the party would not have concluded the electronic contract or would have done so only on fundamentally different terms. A party may avoid an electronic contract when the other party has induced the conclusion of the contract by fraudulent misrepresentation.

참고자료

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