발해 상경∼장령부 구간 영주도 노선상의 24개돌유적 현황과 역참 가능성 탐구 (The 24stones relics distribution and posthouse psssibility of SanggyeongJangryeong youngju traffic road in Balhae)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 백산학회
· 수록지 정보 : 백산학보 / 110호 / 169 ~ 200페이지
· 저자명 : 이병건

초록

본 글은 상경용천부에서 장령부까지 영주도 노선상에 존재했던 발해유적 분포와 조영특징을 파악하여 영주도의 구체적인 동선을 재조명 해보는 것에서 출발하였다. 이 가운데 24개돌유적 쓰임새와 관련하여 기존 중국학자들의 연구결과 “역참이었을 것이다.”라는 주장이 과연 설득력 있는 것일까를 추론해 보았다. 제Ⅱ장에서는 발해 교통로와 관련된 주요 노선과 유적분포를 정리해 보았고, 제Ⅲ장에서는 노선상에 있었던 것으로 추정되는 발해 24개돌유적 분포와 현황(구조)을 정리해 보았으며, 제Ⅳ장에서는 상경에서 장령부까지 분포되어 있는 6개소의 24개돌유적 용도 관련 기존 연구성과를 비판해 보고, 과연 역참일 가능성이 있는지를 쓰임새와 건축구조 방면에서 각각 분석해 보았다.
연구를 통해 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 24개돌유적은 영주도를 비롯한 발해 주요 교통로 선상에 있어 많은 중국 연구자들이 역참이었을 것으로 추정하였으나, 쓰임새와 건축구조 측면에서 살펴본 결과 교통로를 이용하던 발해인들이 공공 목적으로 관리하던 다락식 창고로 보는 것이 더 타당성 있는 추론이 될 것이다. 또한 유적은 발해시기에만 이용된 것이 아니라 그 이후인 요금시기에도 계속적으로 활용되었던 것으로 보인다.

영어초록

The purpose of this study is to see the 24stones relics distribution and posthouse psssibility of SanggyeongJangryeong youngju traffic road in Balhae. Followings are the major results of this study. Total 6 sites were verified for 24stones relics. There were 2(Mangu, Gyeongpung) in Geongbak river, 4(Yojeonja, Haecheongbang, Gwanji, Gangdong) in Dunwha city area.
Following common factors were founded in 6 24stones relics. 1st, they were mostly located around main street. 2nd, they faced toward south or east direction. 3rd, they could be founded easily since they were located in high platform. 4th, original number of foot stone is 24 and their height is around 0.7~0.8m. 5th, they have tile roofhigh quality architecture since roof tiles are found around relics. 6th, the scale of relics is considered similar. 7th, the materials of foot stone is all basalt. These common factors show that 24stones relics are public upper rised architecture which is constructed based on standard drawings.
Followings are the usage of 24stones relics. ① they were a posthouse since it is located around street. ② they were temporary storage of Balhae royal family's corpse. ③ they were Balhae architecture for memorial ceremony relating faith. ④ they were not a building but a religious object which people admired. ⑤ they were memorial building of royal family of Balhae. ⑥ they were drying house. ⑦ they were storage for crop.
Most of Chinese researchers suggest that The using of 24stones relics is posthouse. But I don’t think that because they are upperrising building style, difficulty distance each other and building structure. After proceeding study, Balhae has general archcultural characteristics in northeast area as well as special archcultural ones as seen in 24stones relics. The right way of studying Balhae architecture is understanding archculture and characteristics of relics objectively from a Balhae point of view.

참고자료

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