광복기 경남·부산 시인들의 문단 재편 욕망과 해방 1주년 기념시집 『날개』 (Busan and Gyeongnam area Poets’ Desire for the Reorganization of Literary Circles during the Independence Period and “Nalgae”, a collection of poems in commemoration of the 1st anniversary of the Inde)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국비평문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 비평문학 / 43호 / 189 ~ 226페이지
· 저자명 : 이순욱

초록

이 글은 광복기 조선청년문학가협회 경남지부의 인적 구성과 조직 활동을 고찰하고, 광복 1주년을 맞아 전략적으로 발간된 기념시집 『날개』의 성격을 규명하는 데 목적을 두었다. 청문협 경남지부는 청마 유치환이라는 상징자본과 인적 고리를 바탕으로 경남ㆍ부산 지역의 기성문인뿐만 아니라 신진문인까지 아우르며 결성되었다. 여기에 『중성』과 『낭만파』라는 매체자본이 작품뿐만 아니라 청문협의 논리를 재생산하는 이데올로기 기구로서 지부 활동을 뒷받침하고 있었다. 출범 직후 지부의 문학적 역량과 조직의 위세를 안팎으로 드높이기 위해 ‘해방 1주년 기념시집’ 『날개』를 발간하고 ‘해방기념공연: 시와 음악과 가요의 성전’을 개최하였다. 기념 형식을 통해 민족주의 담론을 전유하고 경남의 여러 지역에서 분산적으로 활동하고 있는 회원들의 느슨한 결속력을 강화할 목적으로 마련된 기획이었다. 이 대회를 부산에서 개최한 까닭은 좌파 주도의 문학 활동에 대한 경남⋅부산 지역 우파 문학사회의 위기의식과 부산이 갖는 지역 대표성이 복합적으로 작용했기 때문이다. 『날개』는 명망가 문인의 작품과 경남지부 회원의 작품을 한데 모아 엮은 사화집이다. 박종화, 서정주, 박목월, 김동명, 김영랑, 김상용, 변영로, 모윤숙, 이봉래의 시를 수록하고 있는데, 필진 구성에서 정지용으로 대표되는 시문학파와 문장파의 그늘이 깊게 드리워져 있었다. 이 때문인지 명망가 문인들을 앞자리에 두고 지역문인들을 뒤에 놓은 기념시집의 형식을 통해 편집주체가 근대문학사의 위계를 내면화하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 『날개』 소재 명망가 문인의 작품은 대체로 『문장』에 발표된 작품들이 많고 한결같이 구작(舊作)인 반면, 지부 회원들의 작품은 급하게 창작했거나 기관지 『주간 중성』이나 월간 『중성』에 발표된 시를 가려 뽑아 되실었을 가능성이 높았다. 그런데도 『날개』는 ‘해방 1주년 기념시집’이라는 표제의 의미가 무색할 정도로 을유광복이라는 역사적 사건과 무관한 감상적 서정과 낭만적 사랑에 대한 환상을 노래한 시들이 지배적이었다. 문단 재편 욕망과 매체 투쟁의 방편으로 발간된 『날개』가 민족주의 담론을 전유할 ‘기념’의 문학화에서 일정한 수준을 보여주지 못했다는 점은 한계로 남는다.

영어초록

The independence period in Korea was the era of ideologies plagued by a series of rallies. It was also a time when writers rushed to clarify their political lines and media strategies to dominate the hegemony of the literary circles. Studies on the literary works during the independence period have been well accumulated over the years at the national literary history level. Reorganization of the literary circles and media activities at the local level, however, have not received much attention. The purpose of this study is to shed light on the formation of the regional literary circles in Gyeongnam and Busan, organizational activities by the Gyeongnam Branch of the Chosun Association of Youth Writers and the characteristics of “Nalgae”, a strategic publication by the Gyeongnam Branch, which is a collection of poems in commemoration of the 1st anniversary of the Independence from the Japanese Colonial Rule.
First, the Gyeongnam Branch of the Chosun Association of Youth Writers was established by embracing both established and new writers, based on symbolic capital and human network of Cheongma Yu, Chi-whan, and such media as “Jungseong” and “Nangmanpa” supported its activities as an ideological tool to reproduce not only literary works but also logics of the Association. The imminent task after its establishment was how to commemorate the first anniversary of the nation’s independence because it was a good opportunity to strengthen solidarity among members scattered across the Gyeonam area and to spread the nationalistic discourse in the form of commemoration. To this end, the Gyeongnam Branch decided to publish a collection of poems “Nalgae” aimed at showing its literary ability and to stage a commemorative performance titled “a holy war with poems, music and popular songs” designed to show off its capabilities.
Second, “Nalgae” is a florilegium comprised of literary works by renowned writers and members of the Gyeongnam Branch. The line-up included Park, Jong-hwa, Vice President of the Chosun Writers Association and Honorary President of the Chosun Association of Youth Writers, Seo, Jeong-ju and Park, Mok-wol from the city branch as well as Kim, Dong-myeong, Kim, Yeong-rang, Kim, Sang-yong, Byeon, Yeong-ro, Mo, Yun-suk and Lee, Bong-rae. From the Association’s headquarters, Yu, Chi-hwan, Kim, Dal-jin and Jo, Yeon-hyeon as well as Kim, Su-don, Jo Hyang, Tak, Chang-deok, Go, Du-dong, Kim, Chun-soo, Choen, Se-uk, Oh, Yeong-soo and Jo, Bong-je contributed their literary works, in order to wield Gyeongnam Branch’s literary authority.
Third, renowned writers of the 1st generation of the modern literature took the front pages, while the works of local writers were arranged behind, showing the hierarchy of the modern literary history. This layout strategy aimed at attracting symbolic capital from the literary circles was the result of the efforts to display the power of the Gyeongnam Branch and to facilitate the reorganization of the regional literary circles.
Fourth, most of the works by renowned writers included in “Nalgae” had already been published in “Munjang” and almost all of them were old works. It is highly likely that the works contributed by the branch members were the ones that had already been published in such bulletins as a weekly “Jungseong” or a monthly “Jungseong” and then the selected few might have been just reprinted. We cannot rule out the possibility that “Nalgae” voluntarily collected poems that had already published and that the works of local poets might be reused in the bulletin “Jungseong” after published in “Nalgae”.
Lastly, only a few poems commemorated the independence, so it was shame to call “Nalgae” a collection of poems in commemoration of the 1st anniversary of the independence. “Now that you have returned” by Jeong, Ji-yong and “May” by Jo Hyang, “Sikmokje” by Yu, Chi-hwan and “Sijoijang” by Go, Du-dong dealt with the subject of independence or addressed by implication the reality during the independence period. Rest of the poems published in “Nalgae” were mostly dominated by romantic imagination and a sense of futility. It failed to represent, therefore, the poetic world claimed in its platform “The Beautiful Marriage between History and Stars.”

참고자료

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