‘4대강 사업’에 대한 생태신학적 고찰 - 생명의 강으로의 부활을 고대하며 (A Critical Examination from An Eco-Theological Point of View on the Four Rivers Project)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 연세대학교 한국기독교문화연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 신학논단 / 76권 / 79 ~ 113페이지
· 저자명 : 김기석

초록

오늘날 ‘생명’ 혹은 ‘창조질서’는 세계교회의 주요한 의제 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 심각한 생태계 파괴를 초래한 4대강 사업에 대한 신학적 고찰을 전개한다. 이를 위해 4대강사업의 추진과정을 검토하고, 심층생태주의(Deep Ecology)적 관점을 해석학적 틀로 사용하여 4대강 사업을 생태신학적으로 성찰한다. 4대강 사업에 대한 문제제기는 주로 시민단체와 학계의 4대강 사업의 타당성에 대한 환경공학적 비판, 환경보호 내지는 생명존중의 친생태적 입장에서 사업의 환경파괴에 대한 비판, 그리고 민주주의 원리에 입각하여 대규모 국책사업의 의사결정 과정의 절차적 문제점을 살펴본다. 심층생태주의의 생명 평등주의에 입각하여 4대강 사업의 인간중심주의를 비판하고 4대강이 생명의 강으로 부활되어야 한다는 주장을 펼친다.

영어초록

This paper aims to examine critically the 'Four Major Rivers Restoration Project' from an eco-theological point of view. According to the official government plan, this project was a multi-purpose green growth project on the Han, Nakdong, Geum and Yeongsan Rivers in South Korea. The government decorated it with the attractive term of "Green New Deal" policy, launched it in January 2009, and declared its completion in October 2011. The total budget was estimated at more than 22 trillion won (Approximately 17 billion U.S.D.).
However, environmental organizations and various civil society groups opposed this project, criticising the following points: 1) The economic viability of the project. 2) The project's doubtful goal, suspected to be really that of the Grand Korean Waterway (a project which had been promoted by President Lee before the Four Rivers project). 3) The serious environmental impact throughout the project.
In accordance with this criticism from the environmental groups, this paper examines the problems of the project from the eco-theological point of view, especially on the basis of deep ecology. This paper criticizes the anthropocentrism in the project which evaluated nature, including rivers, merely as an inanimate object to develop, modify and exploit for human interest. Thus, the project denied eco-justice, and the interrelationship and interconnectedness of life. In reflecting the Gaia hypothesis on theological point of view, it suggests the new theological insight that every single life of the earth is not merely a creature, but a 'created co-creator' in God’s work of creation in participating to create the ecosystem of the earth because the ecosystem has been made by all kinds of life of the earth. Therefore, destroying life means killing God, the Creator, like crucifying Jesus Christ on the cross. This paper argues that, as the witness of the Resurrection today, Christians in Korea need to call for the mission to revitalize the four rivers through the vision towards 'rivers of life' by removing the dams and unnecessary embankments which crucially destroy the rivers’ ecosystems.

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