6세기 전반 가라와 ‘나제동맹’의 대립 -낙동강과 관련하여- (confrontation between gara state and silla-baekje alliance in the first half of the 6th century: in connection with nakdong river)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 효원사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와 세계 / 41권 / 41 ~ 75페이지
· 저자명 : 유우창

초록

낙동강은 영남지방을 관통하는 큰 강으로 강원도 태백산에서 발원하여 南流하다가 경북 고령에서 會川을 합하고 경남 합천에서 黃江을, 또 함안의 북쪽에서 南江을 받아들인다. 그 후 東流하여 밀양에서 密陽江을 마지막으로 아우른 다음 마침내 김해의 동쪽에 도달하여 河口를 이루고 남해로 들어간다.
고령, 합천, 함안, 밀양, 김해 등은 가야의 故地로 잘 알려진 지역이다. 특히 하류의 김해와 중류의 고령은 이른바 ‘전기가야’와 ‘후기가야’의 중심적 역할을 다했던 가락국과 가라국이 터를 잡고 있던 곳이었다. 즉 가야가 성립한 삼한시대부터 가야가 멸망하는 6세기 중반까지 낙동강은 의연하게 가야의 정신적․물질적 기반이 되었던 것이다.
이와 같은 사실을 염두에 두고 본고에서는 우선 제1장에서 가야와 낙동강의 관계를 통시적으로 살펴보았다. 이를 바탕으로 제2장에서는 6세기 전반에 있었던 ‘가라․신라 혼인동맹’을 전후한 시기에 가야를 중심으로 전개되는 백제 및 신라와의 상호관계를 검토해보았다. 마지막으로 제3장에서는 제2장에서 도출된 가야와 양국 사이의 관계를 종래의 연구 경향과 달리 가야와 ‘나제동맹’의 대립이라는 구도로 재해석하고 가야의 쇠퇴원인을 살펴보았다.

영어초록

In this paper, the functions of the Nakdong River are chronologically listed as follows:Garak State solidified its leadership of the ‘Former-Gaya’ at home by controlling the Nakdong River and intervening in trade with other inland political organizations of Gaya between 1st-3rd Century. Outwardly, Garak State strengthened its position by controlling Nakdong River in the long battles with the Silla Dynasty, which attempted to expand its power toward the Nakdong River. In this period, the river functioned as a line of communication, or waterway between several Gaya’s political organizations.
In the 4th Century, Gaya also claimed a new state name like other surrounding states. The ‘Seven States of Gaya’, shown in Chronicles of Japan (Nihonshoki), are estimated to have been located around the areas along the main stream and tributaries of the Nakdong River. At that time, the Nakdong River was believed to have been opened to Baekje ships, while being under the control of Garak State as before.
In the 5th Century, Gara State began to emerge as a major power after ‘Goguryeo's Southward Conquest’. Goryeong was the core area of Gara State as it stood on the western side of the Nakdong River. This gave Gara State a natural path of expansion to Hwang River and Nam River, tributaries of Nakdong River, all under the good terms with Silla and Goguryeo. At that time, Nakdong River was also opened to Goguryeo and served as a natural border with Silla. The river still functioned as a waterway linking Gara State and other surrounding states.
Gara State ceded its territory in Gimun to Baekje between 513 and 516. Following this, Gara State began to suspect the true nature of the Silla-Baekje Alliance and began to build fortifications against a possible Silla invasion. Nakdong River then began to function as a defacto military demarcation line rather than a waterway, which demonstrated the tensions between two countries. However, given Gara Silla Marriage Alliance in 522, the river recovered to some degree its function as a waterway. After the marriage alliance was broken off, Gara State ceded its territory in Dasajin, or Daesa to Baekje, and three castles and five northern castles to Silla in March 529. Gaya’s Takkitan, Garak, and Taksun states were annexed to Silla in 532 before and after. Afterwards, the Nakdong River functioned just as the final line of defense for Goryeong district, the core area of Gara State, and the lower reaches of the river were controlled by Silla. Thereafter, Gara fell into rapid decline.

참고자료

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