강진 용혈암지 출토 청자불상 연구 (A Study on Celadon Porcelain Statue of Buddha excavated in Yonghyulam site, Gangjin-gun)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국중세사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국중세사연구 / 48호 / 295 ~ 326페이지
· 저자명 : 정은우

초록

Yonghyulam covers building site sized length 15.7m, width 1.3～2.5m, height 2～2.25m, and is located on mountain in Seomun-ri, Doam-myeon, Gangjin-gun, Jeollanamdo. The site name is related with the name of natural cave sized length 15m, height 2.25m.
Relics expropriated for a long time and about 115 particles manufactured with celadon porcelain and molding, through excavation, were found in Yonghyulam(Table1). These particles outnumbered celadon porcelains excavated up-to now, and by their statues can be classified with Buddha, Bodhisattva, Buddha’s disciples, and their Lohans (Table2). These statues were very broken with almost no complete molds, with a lot of small pieces, and with little whole shape, which showed a limitation. Nevertheless, it was possible to imagine the formative excellence of the Bodhisattva, which was characterized by its lips and delicate beards on a cheeky cheek, and a Bodhisattva with a beautiful vignette. These statues of Buddha and Bodhisattva were excavated. As twelve pieces of figures of Buddha’s disciples remained, the disciples are assumed as 16 disciples of Buddha. Many statues with various looks of facial expressions with stubby nose and round face were uncovered. Buddha´s disciples expressed various poses showing super powers such as holding small bells for Buddha’s ceremony, holding a fist, and putting their hands together as if in prayer.
Yonghyulam is a small Buddhist temple related to the Lotus school(Tiantai, 天台宗) that led to Baengnyeon association(白蓮結社), It is a temple with historical features where important monks of the Chentae from the 1st head monk Yose(了世), Cheonin(天因), Cheonchaek(天頙), and 4th head monk Jeongnyun(丁午) lived. Considering the stylistic features of these celadon statues and time that main monks lived in Baekyunsa temple, those celadon statues were believed to be made in the 13th century.
The celadon statue in Yonghyulam Gangjin was likely due to the local characteristics of Gangjin, a famous place for pottery production in Goryeo. Since Gangin was coastal town, geographic features adjacent to the sea were also reflected by considering that new types of Buddha statues was easily inflowed. At that time, Buddha’s disciples belief was popular in southern area of Chinese Song dynast and statue of the Buddha’s disciples were enshrined in the natural cave in China.
In the Goryeo dynasty, national events for Buddha’s disciples were celebrated and religious faith in Buddha’s disciples was popular in nationally. It was held for the purpose of overcoming national difficulties and natural disasters related to war, disease and drought. Under this circumstances, the celadon statue would have been made. The celadon statues in the Goryeo dynasty estimated around the 12th and 13th centuries have been unearthed Gyeonggi-do, Jeolla-do and Gyeongsang-do, and these statues were possibly made for the special purposes(Table3).
A further study on the Manufacturing background of celadon Buddha’s disciples and its sponsors is needed in future.

영어초록

Yonghyulam covers building site sized length 15.7m, width 1.3～2.5m, height 2～2.25m, and is located on mountain in Seomun-ri, Doam-myeon, Gangjin-gun, Jeollanamdo. The site name is related with the name of natural cave sized length 15m, height 2.25m.
Relics expropriated for a long time and about 115 particles manufactured with celadon porcelain and molding, through excavation, were found in Yonghyulam(Table1). These particles outnumbered celadon porcelains excavated up-to now, and by their statues can be classified with Buddha, Bodhisattva, Buddha’s disciples, and their Lohans (Table2). These statues were very broken with almost no complete molds, with a lot of small pieces, and with little whole shape, which showed a limitation. Nevertheless, it was possible to imagine the formative excellence of the Bodhisattva, which was characterized by its lips and delicate beards on a cheeky cheek, and a Bodhisattva with a beautiful vignette. These statues of Buddha and Bodhisattva were excavated. As twelve pieces of figures of Buddha’s disciples remained, the disciples are assumed as 16 disciples of Buddha. Many statues with various looks of facial expressions with stubby nose and round face were uncovered. Buddha´s disciples expressed various poses showing super powers such as holding small bells for Buddha’s ceremony, holding a fist, and putting their hands together as if in prayer.
Yonghyulam is a small Buddhist temple related to the Lotus school(Tiantai, 天台宗) that led to Baengnyeon association(白蓮結社), It is a temple with historical features where important monks of the Chentae from the 1st head monk Yose(了世), Cheonin(天因), Cheonchaek(天頙), and 4th head monk Jeongnyun(丁午) lived. Considering the stylistic features of these celadon statues and time that main monks lived in Baekyunsa temple, those celadon statues were believed to be made in the 13th century.
The celadon statue in Yonghyulam Gangjin was likely due to the local characteristics of Gangjin, a famous place for pottery production in Goryeo. Since Gangin was coastal town, geographic features adjacent to the sea were also reflected by considering that new types of Buddha statues was easily inflowed. At that time, Buddha’s disciples belief was popular in southern area of Chinese Song dynast and statue of the Buddha’s disciples were enshrined in the natural cave in China.
In the Goryeo dynasty, national events for Buddha’s disciples were celebrated and religious faith in Buddha’s disciples was popular in nationally. It was held for the purpose of overcoming national difficulties and natural disasters related to war, disease and drought. Under this circumstances, the celadon statue would have been made. The celadon statues in the Goryeo dynasty estimated around the 12th and 13th centuries have been unearthed Gyeonggi-do, Jeolla-do and Gyeongsang-do, and these statues were possibly made for the special purposes(Table3).
A further study on the Manufacturing background of celadon Buddha’s disciples and its sponsors is needed in future.

참고자료

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