섬진강유역 청동기시대 유적 일고찰 -섬진강 중․상류를 중심으로- (A Review of Bronze Age Relics around the Seomjingang River Basin - with a focus on the middle and upper stream areas -)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 호남고고학회
· 수록지 정보 : 호남고고학보 / 62권 / 1 ~ 34페이지
· 저자명 : 김규정

초록

섬진강은 전북 남동부와 전남 북동부의 산간지대를 흐르고 있으며, 상류와 중류는 비교적 너른 충적지가 발달되어 있다. 지금까지 조사된 청동기시대 유적은 본류에 형성된 충적지와 지류 주변의 구릉상에 분포하는 특징을 보인다.
섬진강유역 청동기시대 유적은 AMS연대를 통해 볼 때 조․전기는 기원전 12～9세기, 중기는 기원전 9～3세기로 편년된다. 조․전기는 조사된 유적이 많지 않지만, 출토된 토기를 통해 볼 때 미사리유형과 역삼동․흔암리유형을 특징으로 한다. 생업은 순창 원촌, 구례 봉북리는 농경과 어로, 남원 고죽동은 농경과 수렵은 물론 섬유생산도 적극적으로 이루어진 것으로 보인다.
중기는 송국리문화가 확산되면서 섬진강유역 전역에 유적이 분포하고, 곡성 오지리․대평리와 같은 대규모 취락이 강변 충적지를 중심으로 확인되고 있다. 일부 지역에서는 재지문화에 송국리문화가 들어오면서 두 문화가 결합된 양상들이 확인된다. 생업은 농경이 본격화 되지만, 농경구인 석도를 제외하면 논이나 밭과 같은 경작지는 확인되지 않았다. 다만 석촉의 출토량이 높은 것으로 보아 농경과 사냥이 주 생계수단이었던 것으로 보인다. 강변 충적지에 입지한 곡성 대평리에서는 다른 유적에 비해 어망추의 출토량이 높게 나타나고 있어 손쉽게 취득할 수 있는 식재료는 어로를 통해 얻고 농경과 사냥을 병행한 것으로 볼 수 있다.
분묘는 조․전기는 아직까지 확인되지 않았지만, 인접하는 금강상류에서 지석묘가 주 묘제로 사용된 것으로 보아 조․전기는 지석묘가 축조되었을 것으로 추정된다. 중기에 재지의 지석묘가 계속 축조되며, 송국리문화의 영향으로 새롭게 석관묘가 등장하면서 지석묘 하부구조로 석관묘가 채용된다. 순창 동촌유적을 통해 볼 때 전기부터 의례가 이루어지며, 중기에는 특정한 장소에서 의례를 치루는 행위가 일상화 하는 것으로 보고 있다.

영어초록

The Seomjingang River flows throughout the mountainous regions in the southeast of Jeonbuk Province and northeast of Jeonnam Province, with the alluvial lands developed relatively widely in its middle and upper stream areas. The remains of the Bronze Age surveyed so far in these regions are characterized by their distribution on the alluvial lands formed in the main stream area and on the hilly districts surrounding the branch streams.
With regard to the chronology of the Bronze Age relics around the Seomjingang River basin, the early and former ages are estimated to correspond to the 12~9th centuries BCE and the middle age to the 9~3th centuries BCE according to the age determination by the AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry) method. Although there are not many ruins surveyed from the early and former ages, the excavated earthenwares testify to the types characteristic of Misa-ri and Yeoksam-dong․Heunam-ri relics. As for the lifestyle, the people of Wonchon in Sunchang and Bongbuk-ri in Gurye seem to have relied heavily on agriculture and fishery as their main means of living. Whereas, in case of Gojuk-dong in Namwon, it is presumed that not only agriculture and hunting but textile production too had been performed actively.
As Songguk-ri culture spread widely during the middle age, it is confirmed that the ruins are distributed all over the Seomjingang River basin areas and large-scale settlements like Oji-ri and Dapyeong-ri of Gokseong have been identified around the alluvial lands at the riverside. In some parts of the area, Songguk-ri culture was found to have been associated with the native culture in the course of its spread. Although it is clear that agriculture became main means of their living, no traces of rice and dry fields have yet been unearthed, except for the stone knives used as agricultural tools. Judging from the large amount of flint arrowheads excavated, farming and hunting seemed to have been the then primary means of livelihood. In Daepyeong-ri of Gokseong which is located on the alluvial land at the riverside, a greater number of fishing net sinkers were unearthed compared to other relics, leading to the assumption that simple foodstuffs were obtained by fishery while farming and hunting were performed as their supplementary means of living.
No tombs from the early and former stages of the Bronze Age have yet been confirmed so far but it is suspected that dolmens were constructed during that period judging from the findings that showed dolmens were used as main forms of the tomb system in the adjacent upper stream area of the Geumgang River. During the middle age, dolmens continued to have been constructed in the local area but were replaced with stone coffin tombs as the foundation for dolmens under the influence of the newly introduced Songguk-ri culture. Through the ruins of Dongchon in Sunchang, it was made known that rituals were performed from the early age and started being held in specific places as they became routine.

참고자료

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